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Large molecules and chemical control of feeding behavior in the starfishAsterias forbesi

Makromoleküle und chemische Kontrolle des Freßverhaltens bei dem SeesternAsterias forbesi

Kurzfassung

Asterias forbesi reagiert auf gewisse chemische Reizstoffe in einer Weise, die stark an das normale Freßverhalten erinnert; insbesondere kann die sogenannte „Humping“-Reaktion als Grundlage für eine quantitative Auswertung des Reizstoffgehaltes geeigneter Gewebsextrakte benutzt werden. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß Extrakte der MuschelnCrassostrea virginica undMercenaria mercenaria diesen Reflex auslösen können und daß die aktiven Bestandteile zum großen Teil in den Fraktionen konzentriert sind, die Moleküle relativ hohen Molekulargewichtes enthalten. Die Aktivität ist hitzebeständig, fällt unter Einwirkung von (NH4)2SO4 oder kalter Azetonextraktion aus und wandert bei der elektrophoretischen Trennung auf Zelluloseazetat in Barbitalpuffer (pH 8,5) zum positiven Pol. Durch Ultrafiltration wird die Aktivität auf mehrere Fraktionen verteilt, deren Molekulargewichte von mindestens 10 000 bis 100 000 reichen. Vergleiche von Muschel- mit Austernpräparaten zeigen in jedem Fall höhere Aktivitätswerte in Muschelfraktionen als in entsprechenden Austernfraktionen. Die bisher höchsten Werte für die spezifische Aktivität wurden in der hochmolekularen Fraktion von Muschelextrakten gefunden. Die Wirkungsdosis dieses Materials, bei der 50 % der Versuchstiere die „Humping“-Reaktion zeigen, entspricht 0,34×10−6 mg Protein. Neben der „Humping“-Reaktion lösen hochmolekulare Fraktionen von Molluskenextrakten eine Reihe anderer Verhaltensweisen bei Asteroiden aus einschließlich einer Suchreaktion, in deren Verlauf Seesterne sich mehr oder weniger schnell in der Richtung bewegen, in welcher sich die höchste Konzentration des Extrakts befindet. Sowohl im Aquarium wie unter natürlichen Lebensbedingungen im Meer sind auf diese Weise Fortbewegungsgeschwindigkeiten bis zu 8 cm/m beobachtet worden.

Summary

1. An echinoderm, the starfishAsterias forbesi, is described as possessing a chemically mediated behavioral response which is suitable for use as a bioassay in studies on chemoreception.

2. UsingA. forbesi for bioassays, it was discovered that protein extracts from the clamMercenaria mercenaria and the oysterCrassostrea virginica chemically induced the humping reflex in this animal.

3. In every case, the protein extracts from clam were more active (lower ED50) than any from oyster. The highest molecular weight-range fraction from clam (100 000 and up) was the most active and had an ED50 of 0.34×10−6 mg protein/ml seawater in the test solution.

4. In laboratory and field tests, the higher molecular weight fractions obtained from ultrafiltration techniques exhibited a pronounced activity as a search-inducing stimulant. The starfish were induced to search at speeds of up to 8 cm/min.

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Heeb, M.A. Large molecules and chemical control of feeding behavior in the starfishAsterias forbesi . Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 24, 425–435 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609531

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