Factors affecting survival of test bacteria in sea water: marine bacteria, test bacteria and solid surfaces
Faktoren, welche das Überleben von Testbakterien in Meerwasser beeinflussen: Meeresbakterien, Testbakterien und feste Oberflächen
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 23, pages 271–285 (1972)
Kurzfassung
Der Einfluß der vorstehend genannten Faktoren wurde auf die Überlebensfähigkeit vonEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus undSerratia marinorubra in Meerwasser untersucht. Aktivitäten mariner Bakterien führten nicht generell zu verstärkter antibakterieller Wirkung rohen Meerwassers. Häufig waren sie für das Überleben vonE. coli undS. aureus förderlich. Inaktivierte Zellen vonE. coli undS. aureus erhöhten die bakterizide Wirkung rohen und filtersterilisierten Meerwassers gegenüber sekundär inokulierten, gleichartigen Testbakterien, während sie die inaktivierende Potenz autoklavierten Meerwassers verminderten. Durch erhöhtes Angebot an Glasoberfläche/Volumeneinheit, welches die adsorptive Anreicherung organischer Substanzen verstärkt, wurde die Inaktivation vonE. coli undS. aureus meistens beschleunigt, während sich diejenige vonS. marinorubra um so stärker verminderte, je größer das Verhältnis Oberfläche/Volumen war. Raschere Abtötung vonE. coli undS. aureus in Sterilfiltraten als in rohem Meerwasser trat bei erhöhtem Oberfläche/Volumen-Verhältnis häufiger auf als unter Standardbedingungen. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß die während der Versuche eintretenden Veränderungen des Nährstoffangebotes, hervorgerufen durch Nährstoffverbrauch sowie durch Lysis inaktivierter Testbakterien, bezüglich der bakteriziden Wirkung von Meerwasser generell von größerer Bedeutung sind als bakterizide Stoffwechselprodukte mariner Bakterien.
Summary
1. The antibacterial activity of raw sea water varied considerably during incubation of successive inocula ofEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andSerratia marinorubra. In most cases inactivation of second inocula was stronger than that of first ones. However, withS. aureus, contradictory results were obtained also.
2. The bactericidal effect of filter-sterilized sea water was strengthened by inactivated cells ofEscherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus. Contradictory findings were obtained from autoclaved sea water.
3. Inactivation of test bacteria was greatly influenced by solid surfaces. In most cases, the kill ofEscherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus in raw and sterile-filtered sea water was stronger at increased surface/volume ratios than under standard conditions. More rapid inactivation of these test strains in sterile-filtered, than in raw, sea water occurred more often at enlarged ratios of solid surface per unit volume. The survival ofSerratia marinorubra was positively affected by solid surfaces.
4. It is concluded that changes in nutritive conditions occurring during the experiments are more important in regard to antibacterial activity of sea water than production of harmful matter by marine bacteria.
Literature cited
Aubert, M., Aubert, J. &Gauthier, M., 1968. Pouvoir autoepurateur de l'eau de mer et substances antibiotiques produites par les organismes marins. Revue int. Océanogr. méd.10, 137–207.
Baam, R. B., Gandhi, N. M. &Freitas, Y. M., 1966. Antibiotic activity of marine micro-organisms. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.13, 181–187.
Carlucci, A. F. &Pramer, D., 1960. An evaluation of factors affecting the survival ofEscherichia coli in sea water. II. Salinity, pH, and nutrients. Appl. Microbiol.8, 247–250.
Gauthier, M., 1969. Substances antibactériennes produites par les bactéries marines. I. Etude systématique de l'activité antagoniste de souches bactériennes marines vis-à-vis de germes telluriques aérobies. Revue int. Océanogr. méd.15/16, 41–60.
Giaxa, de, 1889. Über das Verhalten einiger pathogener Mikroorganismen im Meerwasser. Z. Hyg. InfektKrankh.6, 162–225.
Grein, A. &Meyers, S. P., 1958. Growth characteristics and antibiotic production of actinomycetes isolated from littoral sediments and materials suspended in sea water. J. Bact.76, 457–463.
Heukelekian, H. &Heller, A., 1940. Relation between food concentration and surface for bacterial growth. J. Bact. 40, 547–558.
Jones, G. E., 1964. Effect of chelating agents on the growth ofEscherichia coli in sea water. J. Bact.87, 483–499.
—— 1967. Precipitates from autoclaved sea water. Limnol. Oceanogr.12, 165–167.
Ketchum, B. H., Carey, C. L. &Briggs, M. P., 1949. Preliminary studies on the viability and dispersal of coliform bacteria in the sea. In: Limnological aspects of water supply and waste disposal. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., Washington, D. C., 64–73.
Krasilnikova, E. N., 1961. Antibiotic properties of microorganisms isolated from various depth of world oceans. Mikrobiologiya30, 651–657.
Moebus, K., 1972a. Seasonal changes in antibacterial activity of North Sea water. Mar. Biol.13, 1–13.
—— 1972b. Bactericidal properties of natural and synthetic sea water as influenced by addition of low amounts of organic matter. Mar. Biol.15, 81–88.
—— 1972c. Studies on the influence of plankton on antibacterial activity of sea water. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.23, 127–140.
Rosenfeld, W. D. &Zobell, C. E., 1947. Antibiotic production by marine organisms. J. Bact.54, 393–398.
Sieburth, J. M., 1968. The influence of algal antibiosis on the ecology of marine micro-organisms. In: Advances in Microbiology of the sea. Ed. byM. R. Droop &E. J. F. Wood. Acad. Press, New York,1, 63–94.
Stark, W. H., Stadler, J. &McCoy, E., 1938. Some factors affecting the bacterial population of freshwater lakes. J. Bact.36, 653–654.
Vaccaro, R. F., Briggs, M. P., Carey, C. L. &Ketchum, B. H., 1950. Viability ofEscherichia coli in sea water. Am. J. publ. Hlth40, 1257–1266.
Zobell, C. E., 1943. The effect of solid surfaces upon bacterial activity. J. Bact.46, 39–56.
—— &Anderson, D. Q., 1936. Observations on the multiplication of bacteria in different volumes of stored sea water and the influence of oxygen tension and solid surfaces. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole71, 324–342.
—— &Upham, H. C., 1944. A list of marine bacteria including descriptions of sixty new species. Bull. Scripps Instn Oceanogr.5, 239–292.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moebus, K. Factors affecting survival of test bacteria in sea water: marine bacteria, test bacteria and solid surfaces. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 23, 271–285 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609679
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609679
Keywords
- Antibacterial Activity
- Staphylococcus Aureus
- Solid Surface
- Marine Bacterium
- Test Bacterium