- Crustacea
- Published:
Influence of food organisms on the development and culture of pelagic copepods
Influence des organismes alimentaires sur le développment et la culture de copépodes pélagiques
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 20, pages 333–345 (1970)
Extrait
Au cours d'expériences de nutrition réalisées surEuterpina acutifrons, 16 espèces d'algues ont été comparées. Dans les cultures débutées avec des copépodes adultes, seules 4 algues permettent à la population de s'accroître à un taux comparable à ce qui est obtenu lorsque les algues sont en solutions plurispécifiques. Dans les cultures débutées avec des oeufs, certaines algues qui permettaient à une population adulte d'évoluer ne sont pas favorables au développement complet de l'animal à travers ses stades juvéniles. L'influence de la concentration en nourriture dans le milieu de culture a été déterminée pour 5 espèces d'algues. Une relation directe peut être mise en évidence entre la concentration en nourriture dans le milieu de culture et le taux journalier d'ingestion ou le taux de production d'oeufs chezEuterpina acutifrons adulte. Le taux journalier de filtration est en relation inverse. Taux d'ingestion journalier et taux de production des oeufs atteignent un plateau qui se situe à un niveau différent et est atteint à une concentration variable pour les 5 algues expérimentées. Ces résultats permettent de mettre en évidence l'importance de la taille des cellules d'algue, de leurs qualités nutritionnelles et de leur concentration; ces différents paramètres influencent la propagation du copépode en culture. De fait, lors d'essais de mise en culture de nouvelles espèces de copépodes, le nombre d'algues et leur concentration furent accrus dans les solutions; ces conditions nous ont permis de maintenir en laboratoire à travers plusieurs générations certains calanoîdes pélagiques tels queCentropages typicus, Acartia clausi, Ctenocalanus vanus etClausocalanus acuicornis en plus de deux harpacticoïdes:Euterpina acutifrons etTigriopus brévicornis.
Summary
1. Growth rates of populations started with adultEuterpina acutifrons fed on 16 different unicellular algae, and 2 mixtures of these algae, were compared. Only algae of medium size can support growth rates as high as those obtained in the mixture. Smaller algae (6–7 µ) or wider ones (> 16 µ) give lower rates or do not support adult survival.
2. Of 5 algae tested, only those of medium size support all developmental stages from egg to adult ofEuterpina acutifrons. These results show that the size of food is one of the factors limiting the production of copepods under laboratory conditions.
3. By feeding adult females ofEuterpina acutifrons onPlatymonas suecica at various concentrations, it was demonstrated that, when the food concentration increases, the rate of ingestion and the egg production of the copepod increases thereby reaching a plateau, while the rate of filtration decreases.
4. The same relation is found for the 5 algae tested in regard to ingestion and filtration activities. However, for the 5 algal species, the concentration at which the plateau is reached, and the value of ingestion at this plateau, are quite different.
5. When feeding femaleEuterpina acutifrons in excess unicellular solutions of the 5 algae or a mixture of all the algae used, egg production and adult life span differs according to the type of the food algae. Algal species which result in low egg production and short adult life span are most intensively ingested in terms of biomass.
6. By increasing the number of algal species and their concentration in the culture solution, we were able to cultivate some additional pelagic copepods through several generations.
Literature cited
Adams, J. A., &Steele, J. H., 1966. Shipboard experiments on the feeding ofCalanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus).In: Some contemporary studies in marine science. Ed. by H. Barnes. Allen & Unwin, London, 19–35.
Barr, M. W., 1969. Culturing the marine harpacticoid copepodTisbe furcata (Baird 1837).Crustaceana 16, 95–96.
Bernard, M., 1961. Le cycle vital en laboratoire d'un copépode pélagique de MéditerranéeEuterpina acutifrons Claus.Pelagos 1, 35–48.
Bernhard, M., Boffi, V., Lucarelli, A., Rampi, L., Melchiorri-Santolini, U., &Benedetti, A., 1963. Rapporto sull'attivitá scientifica e tecnica del Laboratorio per lo Studio della Contaminazione Radioattiva del Mare. C.N.E.N., La Spezia [RT/BIO (63) 8].
Conover, R. J., 1962. Metabolism and growth inCalanus hyperboreus in relation to its lifecycle.Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer 153, 190–197.
—— 1966a. Assimilation of organic matter by zooplankton.Limnol. Oceanogr. 11, 338–345.
—— 1966b. Factors affecting the assimilation of organic matter by zooplankton and the question of superfluous feeding.Limnol. Oceanogr. 11, 346–354.
—— 1968. Zooplankton-life in a nutritionally diluted environment.Am. Zool. 8, 107–118.
Corkett, C. J. &McLaren, I. A., 1969. Egg production and oil storage by the copepodPseudocalanus in the laboratory.J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 3, 90–105.
—— &Urry, D. L., 1968. Observations on the keeping of adult femalePseudocalanus elongatus under laboratory conditions.J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 48, 97–105.
Fraser, J. H., 1936. The occurrence, ecology and life history ofTigriopus fulvus (Fischer).J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 20, 532–536.
Gauld, D. T., 1964. Feeding in planktonic copepods.In: Grazing in terrestrial and marine environments. Ed. by D. J. Crisp. Blackwell, Oxford (Symp. br. ecol Soc.4, 239–245).
Gilat, E., 1967. On the feeding of a benthonic copepodTigriopus brevicornis O. F. Müller.Bull. Sea Fish. Stn Israel 45, 79–95.
Heinle, D. R., 1969. Culture of calanoid copepods in synthetic sea water.J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 26, 153–166.
Jacobs, J., 1961. Laboratory cultivation of the marine copepodPseudodiaptomus coronatus Williams.Limnol. Oceanogr. 6, 443–446.
Marshall, S. M. &Orr, A. P., 1956. On the biology ofCalanus finmarchicus. 8. Food uptake and digestion in the young stages.J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 35, 587–603.
Mullin, M. M., 1966. Selective feeding by calanoid copepods from the Indian ocean.In: Some contemporary studies in marine science. Ed. by H. Barnes. Allen & Unwin, London, 545–554.
—— &Brooks, E. R., 1967. Laboratory culture, growth rate and feeding behaviour of a planktonic marine copepod.Limnol. Oceanogr. 12, 657–666.
Nassogne, A., 1969. La coltura dei copepodi in laboratorio.In: Proceedings of the 1st Congress of the Societá Italiana di Biologia Marina, 1969. (In press.)
Neunes, H. W., &Pongolini, G. F., 1965. Breeding a pelagic copepodEuterpina acutifrons (Dana), in the laboratory.Nature, Lond. 208 (5010), 571–573.
Provasoli, L., Shiraishi, K., &Lance, J. R., 1959. Nutritional idiosyncrasies ofArtemia salina andTigriopus in monoxenic culture.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 77, 250–261.
Shiraishi, K., &Provasoli, L., 1959. Growth factors as supplements to inadequate algal foods forTigriopus japonicus.Tohoku J. agric. Res. 10, 89–96.
Utermöhl, H., 1936. Quantitative Methoden zur Untersuchung des Nannoplanktons.In: Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden. Hrsg. von E. Abderhalden. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, Abt. 9, T. 2, Hälfte 2.
Zillioux, E. J., &Wilson, D. F., 1964. On the survival and propagation ofAcartia tonsa in laboratory culture.In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Miami Beach, Florida 1964. [Paper read at the Meeting.]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution under the “Association Contract CNEN-EURATOM”; Publication N0 538 of the EURATOM Biology Division.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nassogne, A. Influence of food organisms on the development and culture of pelagic copepods. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 20, 333–345 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609911
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609911