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Zur Trematodenfauna der HerzmuschelnCardium edule undCardium lamarcki

On the trematode fauna of the cocklesCardium edule andCardium lamarcki

Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 22, pages 377–400 (1971)Cite this article

Abstract

Thirteen species of larval Digenea were recovered from the soft parts of their intermediate hosts, the common cockleCardium edule L. andLamarck's cockleCardium lamarcki Reeve, collected from North Sea tidal flats and from shallow reaches of the German Baltic Sea coast. These comprise the encysted metacercariae ofHimasthla elongata, H. continua, H. interrupta (all with 29 collar spines), one undetermined, rareHimasthla species (with 31 collar spines),Renicola roscovita, Psilostomum brevicolle, Asymphylodora demeli, and one undetermined metacercaria resemblingLebour's (1911)Cercaria mytili. Cockles are favourite intermediate hosts for gymnophallids.C. edule harbours the sporocyst stage ofGymnophallus choledochus. Sporocysts of another, yet unidentified gymnophallid, occur inC. lamarcki. Unencysted metacercariae ofGymnophallus gibberosus are common to bothCardium species, whileMeiogymnophallus minutus andMeiogymnophallus sp. occur inC. edule only, thus exhibiting marked host-specificity. Morphologically similar echinostomatid metacercarial cysts could be distinguished by their diameters, which were found to have a species-specific constant size regardless of the salinity and the host species in which they are formed. Application of biometrical methods revealed that the cysts ofRenicola roscovita, Asymphylodora demeli andMetacercaria sp. grow within their hosts. These observations are confirmed by experimental infections of different mollusc species. Gymnophallid metacercariae showed marked preference for certain microhabitats within the host, and are readily distinguished by their situs:Meiogymnophallus minutus occurs in “chalky spots” just under the umbo, whileMeiogymnophallus sp. inhabits “pits” between mantle and shell ofC. edule. G. gibberosus is restricted to the tissues of the anterior adductor muscle. Microhabitat selection occurs also in encysted metacercariae, but not to such a pronounced degree as in the family Gymnophallidae. No interspecific exclusion of larval trematodes was encountered. Where incidence and intensity of infection are highest, up to 11 of the reported 13 species may parasitize the same host specimen. Infections with gymnophallids were always higher inC. edule than inC. lamarcki.

Zusammenfassung

1. 13 larvale Trematoden werden aus Herzmuscheln von 3 Stationen der deutschen Nord- und Ostseeküste beschrieben. Von 9 Arten sind die Entwicklungszyklen ganz oder teilweise bekannt (in jedem Fall der Adultus). Von 4 Arten, die nicht identifiziert wurden, ist mindestens eine unbeschrieben.

2. Die gefundenen encystierten Metacercarien zeigten keine Wirtsspezifität. Die unencystierten Metacercarien vonMeiogymnophallus minutus undMeiogymnophallus spec. sind dagegen hochgradig wirtsspezifisch und befallen nurCardium edule L., nicht aberC. lamarcki Reeve.

3. Als Kriterien für die Unterscheidung der Arten haben sich als brauchbar erwiesen: (a) der Situs im Zwischenwirt, (b) morphologische Merkmale und (c) meristische Merkmale. Ihre Rangfolge wechselt von Gruppe zu Gruppe: Die Gymnophalliden-Metacercarien können allein an Hand ihres Situs unterschieden und bestimmt werden. Auf die GruppeAsymphylodora demeli — Renicola roscovita — Psilostomum brevicolle — Metacercaria spec. sind im Sinne einer Differentialdiagnose alle drei Kriterien anzuwenden. Die morphologisch nicht unterscheidbaren Cysten derHimasthla-Arten mit 29 Kopfstacheln weisen statistisch hochsignifikante Durchmesser-Unterschiede auf.

4. Es werden die statistischen Maßzahlen der Metacercarien-Durchmesser mitgeteilt. Sie können bei Felduntersuchungen als Referenzstandard verwendet werden.

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  1. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale), Hamburg 50, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    G. Lauckner

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Lauckner, G. Zur Trematodenfauna der HerzmuschelnCardium edule undCardium lamarcki . Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 22, 377–400 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611126

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Helgoland Marine Research

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