- Processes Modifying Distribution And Properties Of Pollutant Substances
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Die Trift von Verschmutzungen an der Oberfläche der Nordsee
The drift of pollutants at the surface of the North Sea
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 17, pages 81–93 (1968)
Abstract
The fundamentals are ascertained, which are required for predicting the transport of surface pollutants under the influence of wind and surface currents. Polluted areas are indicated by drift cards released over one year in the central North Sea. The route of 1,388 cards was tracked, employing an IBM 1620 computer of the “Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut”, from the places of release to the places of recovery. Wind direction and speed were given and the best suited current system found. In the equation\(v = S\frac{W}{{100}}\)(v=speed of the cards, W=wind speed) S was changed until this relation was best complied with by all cards. For this purpose it was assumed that drift card direction and wind direction coincided. As a result S=4.2 was obtained (the cards drifted, on an average, over a distance of 4.2 nm, while the wind covered, during the same time, a distance of 100 nm). In order to ascertain the influence of ocean currents, the route of each card group, and of each single card released, was tracked on a chart-like representation, which — among other things — showed, in a table, the minimum distance between the computed card route and the place of recovery for each card retrieved. Thus, the effect of S was studied in relation to a given current system. Several surface current systems were combined with S values between 3.6 and 4.4. The current system pertaining to S=4.2 is shown and discussed.
Zusammenfassung
1. Mit Hilfe von Triftkarten, die als Indikator von Oberflächenverschmutzungen verwendet werden, wird die Trift von Oberflächenverschmutzungen in der Nordsee untersucht.
2. Es wird festgestellt, daß sich die Trift von Verschmutzungen vorausberechnen läßt, wenn man zuverlässige Vorhersagen über Windrichtung und -stärke hat.
3. Die Windrichtung und die Richtung der triftenden Verschmutzungen stimmen überein.
4. Die Verschmutzungen legen 4,2% des Windweges zurück; das heißt legt der Wind 100 sm zurück, triften die Verschmutzungen 4,2 sm.
5. Für die Vorausberechnung des Weges der Verschmutzungen muß ein Strömungs-system an der Oberfläche zugrunde gelegt werden, das erläutert wird.
6. Die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Bedingungen ist schon an einigen Beispielen, wo Tanker Öl verloren haben, bestätigt worden.
Zitierte literatur
Kohnke, D., 1967. Öl bedrohte die deutsche Küste.Gas-u. WassFach 108 (22), 616–617.
Lawford, A. L., 1956a. The effect of wind upon the surface drift in the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea.Weather, Lond. 11 (5), 155.
—— 1956b. Postscript to operation drift card.Trident, Lond. 18 (208), 350–351.
Tomczak, G., 1964. Investigations with drift cards to determine the influence of the wind on surface currents.In: Studies on oceanography. Ed. by K. Yoshida. Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 129–139.
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Neumann, H. Die Trift von Verschmutzungen an der Oberfläche der Nordsee. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 17, 81–93 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611214
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611214