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Surface pollution and light extinction in the Oslofjord
Oberflächenverunreinigung und Lichtextinktion im Oslofjord
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 17, pages 476–488 (1968)
Kurzfassung
Die Wasserverschmutzung bildet ernste Probleme im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung des Oslofjords als Erholungsgebiet. Diese Probleme sind bisher nicht untersucht und durch das Oslofjord-Projekt (1962–1965) nur fragmentarisch behandelt worden. Verschiedene Unannehmlichkeiten sind zu nennen, welche die Wassertrübung und Wasserfärbung, Treib- und Strandgut, Geruch, Wachstum und Humusbildung am Strand, verringerte Fischereimöglichkeiten sowie verschlechterte hygienische Bedingungen betreffen. Transparenz, Turbidität und Färbung werden als Funktion von Position und Jahreszeit diskutiert; die Abhängigkeit der Transparenz von Turbidität und Färbung wird mittels einer Regressions-Analyse dargestellt. Zum Schluß werden Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung des gegenwärtigen Zustandes erörtert.
Summary
1. The main detrimental consequences of pollution in the fjord are listed on page 477. Of the ten points listed, three (transparency, floatables and odour) are subjected to some quantitative considerations in the report.
2. The transparency of the surface water was studied (Secchi disc method) as a function of time and location. As expected, transparency varied considerably with seasons. With regard to location, both the degree of protection from the open sea and the distance from main sewage outlets seemed important.
3. The major factors influencing transparency (turbidity and filtrate colour) and the main factors interfering with the Secchi disc readings (sunlight variations and winds) were estimated quantitatively by means of regression analysis.
4. The causes of turbidity in the surface water of the Oslofjord have not been quantitatively investigated. Phytoplankton is assumed to be the dominating factor. An attempt is now being made to confirm this assumption by means of regression analysis.
5. The dominating cause of filtrate colour in the surface water of the Oslofjord appears to be dissolved colour components of natural origin brought in by the rivers.
6. The problems of floatables on the open waters of the inner fjord seem to be of minor importance. More floating objects were observed in the middle fjord than in the inner fjord. No pertinent investigation was carried out in near shore waters.
7. In the open waters of the inner and middle fjord no bad odour was recorded.
8. The possibilities of improving the recreational quality of the inner fjord are discussed briefly.
Literature cited
Davidson, P., Adams, F. G. &Seneca, J., 1966. The social value of water recreational facilities resulting from an improvement in water quality: The Delaware estuary.In: Water research. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md, 175–211.
Knetsch, J. L. &Davis, R. K., 1967. Comparison of methods for recreation evaluation.In: Water research. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md, 125–142.
Krümmel, Otto, 1907. Handbuch der Ozeanographie, Bd. 1. J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart, 256 pp.
Strickland, J. D. H., 1958. Solar radiation penetrating the ocean. A review of requirements, data and methods of measurement, with particular reference to photosynthetic productivity.J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 15, 453–493.
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Munthe-Kaas, H. Surface pollution and light extinction in the Oslofjord. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 17, 476–488 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611248
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611248