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  • Growth And Comparative Biochemistry
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Changes in the isoenzymes of lactic and malic dehydrogenase during the development of the frogRana temporaria

Änderungen der Isoenzyme von Milch- und Äpfelsäure-Dehydrogenase während der Entwicklung des FroschesRana temporaria

Kurzfassung

Es wurden verschiedene Organe adulter Grasfrösche sowie das Isoenzymmuster von Milchsäure-Dehydrogenase (LDH) und Äpfelsäure-Dehydrogenase (MDH) im Verlauf der Ontogenie elektrophoretisch untersucht. In allen geprüften adulten Organen treten zwei Bande (I, II) der LDH verschiedener Stärke auf. Die langsamer anodenwärts wandernde Fraktion II ist in Herz, Gehirn und Ovarium schwächer, während im Skelettmuskel die Bande II eine stärkere Aktivität aufweist. Unbefruchtete Eier, 2-Zell-, 4-Zell-, Gastrula- und Neurulastadien wiesen ebenfalls zwei Bande auf. Die schwächere Bande II verschwindet im Schwanzknospen-Stadium; sie tritt erst in einem sehr späten Kaulquappen-Stadium wiederum auf, und zwar wird dieses Isoenzym in der Leber synthetisiert. Es wurde auf verschiedenen Wegen versucht, das Erscheinen von Bande II experimentell zu induzieren, nämlich durch Hormonbehandlung, verschieden Futtergaben, Hunger und verminderten Sauerstoffdruck. Es gelang in keinem Falle, das Auftreten dieser Bande zeitlich vorzuverlegen. Eine Entwicklung bei verschiedenen, jedoch konstanten Temperaturen (12°, 20° C) führte zu keinen Veränderungen des Isoenzymmusters. Regenerierte Schwanzmuskulatur verhielt sich wie normaler Kaulquappen-Skelettmuskel. Es wird die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß die Synthese der LDH-Isoenzyme streng genetisch kontrolliert wird. Die MDH der Organe adulter Tiere sowie der verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien ergab nur eine Bande. Dieses Enzym kommt somit beim Frosch nur in einer Molekülform vor.

Summary

  1. 1.

    Two isozymes of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) are present in the tissues of the frogRana temporaria. The slow moving one (II) is abundant in adult skeletal muscle and lesser quantities are found in heart, brain and liver. The fast moving band (I) is predominant in heart muscle, liver and brain.

  2. 2.

    The adult ovary, unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs and embryos at the 2 cell, 4 cell and gastrula stages show both bands but band II gradually gets fainter and disappears. From the tail bud stage until the tadpoles get their hind legs, only band I is present; the reappearance of II is due to synthesis of this isozyme in the liver during the late tadpole stage. Leg muscles at this stage show only band I. Immediately after metamorphosis however II appears in abundance in the leg muscles, and isozyme I declines relatively.

  3. 3.

    Various attempts were made to induce the early appearance of isozyme II during the tadpole stage. Low oxygen, a variety of foods, thyroid hormone and minced ovaries had no effect.

  4. 4.

    Rearing fertilized eggs to the tadpole stage at 12° and 20° C produced no marked difference in the isozymes of LDH. Denervation of the adult gastrocnemius muscle for 8 weeks had no influence on leg muscle LDH isozymes. Regenerated tadpole tail showed the same pattern as the normal tadpole tail.

  5. 5.

    It is concluded that the synthesis of the LDH isozymes is under very close genetic control.

  6. 6.

    Malic dehydrogenase seems to be a homogeneous enzyme in the frog and shows no isozyme varieties.

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This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr.F. Verzár on the occasion of his 80th birthday.

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Grainger, J.N.R., Kunz, Y.W. Changes in the isoenzymes of lactic and malic dehydrogenase during the development of the frogRana temporaria . Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 14, 335–342 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611628

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