- Published:
Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of garpike eggs
Kombinierte Wirkungen von Cadmium und Salzgehalt auf Entwicklung und Überleben von Hornhechteiern
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 27, pages 268–282 (1975)
Kurzfassung
Laichreife Hornhechte (Belone belone L.) wurden im Frühjahr bei Travemünde (Ostsee) gefangen. Die Eier wurden in unkontaminiertem Seewasser von 15, 25 und 35 ‰ Salzgehalt und etwa 15° C befruchtet und nach 3 Std. in Cadmiumkontaminiertes Erbrütungswasser überführt. Neben den Kontrollversuchen wurden Erbrütungsexperimente mit folgenden Cadmiumkonzentrationen in den 3 Salzgehaltsstufen durchgeführt: 0,05; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 und 5,0 ppm Cd++. Die Versuchsmedien wurden alle 2 Tage mit den 800 ml fassenden Inkubationsgefäßen gewechselt. Die Toxizität von Cadmium wurde im Hinblick auf folgende Kriterien bewertet: Embryoaktivität, Herzfrequenz, Überlebensrate bis zum Schlupf, lebensfähiger Schlupf. Die Herzschlagfrequenz und die Ventilationsbewegungen der embryonalen Pectoralflosse waren bei Cadmiumkonzentrationen über 0,5 ppm deutlich beeinflußt. Die Embryonalsterblichkeit war in den Versuchen bis zu einer Konzentration von 1,0 ppm Cd++ nicht verschieden von den Kontrollen. In den höheren Cadmiumkonzentrationen (2,0 und 5,0 ppm) nahm die Überlebensrate bis zum Schlupf sowie der prozentuale Anteil des lebensfähigen Schlupfes mit steigendem Salzgehalt zu. Die Cadmiumaufnahme war deutlich konzentrationsabhängig, lag jedoch in der niedrigsten Salzgehaltsstufe am höchsten. Die unterschiedliche Aufnahme von Cadmium durch Hornhecht-, Herings- und Flundereier wird verglichen und ihre Ursache diskutiert.
Summary
-
1.
Eggs of Baltic Sea garpike (Belone belone L.) were incubated in normal and cadmium contaminated sea water (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ppm) at 15 ‰, 25 ‰ and 35 ‰ S and 15° C.
-
2.
Embryonic heart beat and frequency of pectoral fin movements in prelarvae was found to be greatly depressed by cadmium concentrations of more than 0.5 ppm.
-
3.
Embryonic survival and viable hatch were unaffected in cadmium concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. At high cadmium concentrations (2.0 and 5.0 ppm) there were greater embryonic survival and viable hatch at high than at low salinities.
-
4.
Cadmium content of eggs was found to be generally higher in lower salinities than in more saline water at comparable cadmium concentrations.
-
5.
Accumulation factors of cadmium in eggs were inversely proportional to the ambient cadmium concentration. Highest accumulation factors of more than 40 were recorded at 0.05 ppm Cd. At high cadmium concentrations accumulation factors were only around 5.
Literature cited
Abdullah, M. J. &Royle, L. G., 1974. A study of the dissolved and particulate trace elements in the Bristol Channel. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.54, 581–597.
—— —— &Morris, A. W., 1972. Heavy metal concentration in coastal waters. Nature, Lond.235, 158–160.
Ball, I. R., 1967. The toxicity of cadmium to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson). Wat. Res.1, 805–806.
Brown, B. &Ahsanullah, M., 1971. Effect of heavy metals on mortality and growth. Mar. Pollut. Bull.2, 182–187.
Butterworth, J., Lester, P. &Nickless, G., 1972. Distribution of heavy metals in the Severn estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull.3, 72–74.
Calabrese, A., Collier, R. S., Nelson, D. A. &McInnes, J. R., 1973. The toxicity of heavy metals to embryos of the American oysterCrassostrea virginica. Mar. Biol.18, 162–166.
Cearley, J. E. &Coleman, R. L., 1974. Cadmium toxicity and bioconcentration in largemouth bass and bluegill. Bull. environ. Contam. Toxicol.11, 146–151.
Chan, J. P., Cheung, M. T. &Li, F. P., 1974. Trace metals in Hongkong waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull.5, 171–174.
Danielli, J. F. &Davies, J. T., 1951. Reactions at interfaces in relation to biological problems. Adv. Enzymol.11, 35–89.
Eustace, I. J., 1974. Zinc, cadmium, copper and manganese in species of finfish and shellfish caught in the Derwent estuary, Tasmania Austr. J. mar. Freshwat. Res.25, 209–220.
Goldberg, E. D., 1965. Minor elements in sea water. In: Chemical Oceanography. Ed. byJ. P. Riley &G. Skirrow. Acad. Press, New York,1, 163–196.
Hutcheson, M. S., 1974. The effect of temperature and salinity on cadmium uptake by the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus. Chesapeake Sci.15, 237–241.
Kobayashi, J., 1971. Relation between the “itai-itai” disease and the pollution of river water by cadmium from a mine. Adv. Wat. Pollut. Res.1, 1–32.
Krauskopf, K. B., 1956. Factors controlling the concentrations of thirteen rare metals in sea-water. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta9, 1–32.
Lönning, S. &Solemdahl, P., 1972. The relation between thickness of chorion and specific gravity of eggs from Norwegian and Baltic flatfish population. FiskDir. Skr. (Havunders.)16, 77–88.
Maljkovic, D. &Branica, M., 1971. Polarography of seawater. II. Complex formation of cadmium with EDTA. Limnol. Oceanogr.16, 779–785.
O'Hara, J., 1973a. The influence of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of cadmium to the fiddler crab,Uca pugilator. Fish. Bull. U.S.71, 149–153.
—— 1973b. Cadmium uptake by fiddler crabs exposed to temperature and salinity stress. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.30, 846–848.
Olson, K. R. &Harrel, R. C., 1973. Effect of salinity on acute toxicity of mercury, copper and chromium forRangia cuneata (Pelecypoda, Mactridae). Contr. mar. Sci.17, 9–13.
Pickering, Q. H. &Henderson, C., 1966. The acute toxicity of some heavy metals to different species of warmwater fishes. Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut.10, 453–463.
Preston, A., 1973. Heavy metals in British waters. Nature, Lond.242, 95–97.
Roesijadi, G., Petrocelli, S. R., Anderson, J. W., Presley, B. J. &Sims, R., 1974. Survival and chloride ion regulation of the porcelain crabPetrolisthes armatus exposed to mercury. Mar. Biol.27, 213–217.
Rosenthal, H. &Fonds, M., 1973. Biological observations during rearing experiments with the garfishBelone belone. Mar. Biol.21, 203–218.
—— &Sperling, K. R., 1974. Effects of cadmium on development and survival of herring eggs. In: The early life history of fish. Ed. byJ. H. S. Blaxter, Springer, Berlin, 383–396.
Westernhagen, H. von, 1974. Incubation of garpike eggs (Belone belone Linné) under controlled temperature and salinity conditions. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.54, 625–634.
—— &Sperling, K. R., 1974. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of herring eggs. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.26, 416–433.
—— &Dethlefsen, V., 1975. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of flounder eggs. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.55 (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study has been financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. Ro 380/2).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
von Westernhagen, H., Dethlefsen, V. & Rosenthal, H. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of garpike eggs. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 27, 268–282 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611696
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611696