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Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of garpike eggs

Kombinierte Wirkungen von Cadmium und Salzgehalt auf Entwicklung und Überleben von Hornhechteiern

Kurzfassung

Laichreife Hornhechte (Belone belone L.) wurden im Frühjahr bei Travemünde (Ostsee) gefangen. Die Eier wurden in unkontaminiertem Seewasser von 15, 25 und 35 ‰ Salzgehalt und etwa 15° C befruchtet und nach 3 Std. in Cadmiumkontaminiertes Erbrütungswasser überführt. Neben den Kontrollversuchen wurden Erbrütungsexperimente mit folgenden Cadmiumkonzentrationen in den 3 Salzgehaltsstufen durchgeführt: 0,05; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 und 5,0 ppm Cd++. Die Versuchsmedien wurden alle 2 Tage mit den 800 ml fassenden Inkubationsgefäßen gewechselt. Die Toxizität von Cadmium wurde im Hinblick auf folgende Kriterien bewertet: Embryoaktivität, Herzfrequenz, Überlebensrate bis zum Schlupf, lebensfähiger Schlupf. Die Herzschlagfrequenz und die Ventilationsbewegungen der embryonalen Pectoralflosse waren bei Cadmiumkonzentrationen über 0,5 ppm deutlich beeinflußt. Die Embryonalsterblichkeit war in den Versuchen bis zu einer Konzentration von 1,0 ppm Cd++ nicht verschieden von den Kontrollen. In den höheren Cadmiumkonzentrationen (2,0 und 5,0 ppm) nahm die Überlebensrate bis zum Schlupf sowie der prozentuale Anteil des lebensfähigen Schlupfes mit steigendem Salzgehalt zu. Die Cadmiumaufnahme war deutlich konzentrationsabhängig, lag jedoch in der niedrigsten Salzgehaltsstufe am höchsten. Die unterschiedliche Aufnahme von Cadmium durch Hornhecht-, Herings- und Flundereier wird verglichen und ihre Ursache diskutiert.

Summary

  1. 1.

    Eggs of Baltic Sea garpike (Belone belone L.) were incubated in normal and cadmium contaminated sea water (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ppm) at 15 ‰, 25 ‰ and 35 ‰ S and 15° C.

  2. 2.

    Embryonic heart beat and frequency of pectoral fin movements in prelarvae was found to be greatly depressed by cadmium concentrations of more than 0.5 ppm.

  3. 3.

    Embryonic survival and viable hatch were unaffected in cadmium concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. At high cadmium concentrations (2.0 and 5.0 ppm) there were greater embryonic survival and viable hatch at high than at low salinities.

  4. 4.

    Cadmium content of eggs was found to be generally higher in lower salinities than in more saline water at comparable cadmium concentrations.

  5. 5.

    Accumulation factors of cadmium in eggs were inversely proportional to the ambient cadmium concentration. Highest accumulation factors of more than 40 were recorded at 0.05 ppm Cd. At high cadmium concentrations accumulation factors were only around 5.

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This study has been financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. Ro 380/2).

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von Westernhagen, H., Dethlefsen, V. & Rosenthal, H. Combined effects of cadmium and salinity on development and survival of garpike eggs. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 27, 268–282 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611696

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