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The behaviour of migratory eels,Anguilla rostrata, in response to current, salinity and lunar period

Das Verhalten von Wanderaalen,Anguilla rostrata, gegenüber Strömung, Salzgehalt und Lunarperiode

Kurzfassung

Das Verhalten von wandernden Blankaalen(Anguilla rostrata) wurde in einem Dreikammersystem untersucht und mit demjenigen von Gelbaalen verglichen. Blankaale, die während ihrer seewärts gerichteten Flußwanderung gefangen worden waren, zeigten bei Untersuchungen im Süßwasser eine negative Rheotaxis, wurden jedoch bei Einleitung von Seewasser positiv rheotaktisch. Die Reaktionen von Aalen, deren Geruchsepithel verödet worden war, deuten darauf hin, daß eine olfaktorische Perzeption des Salzwassers stattfindet. Gelbaale waren im Seewasser negativ rheotaktisch. Sie zeigten im Süßwasser keinerlei rheotaktische Reaktionen im August, waren jedoch negativ rheotaktisch im Oktober, was auf jahreszeitlich unterschiedliche Aktivität hinweist und die bekannten saisonal bedingten Ortsveränderungen der Gelbaale erklären könnte. Seewasser, in dem vorher Blankaale gehalten worden waren, übte gegenüber Blankaalen keine stärkere Attraktivität aus als unbeeinflußtes Seewasser (Kontrollen), so daß sich für den Einfluß von Pheromonen keine positiven Hinweise ergeben. Die stärkste Bewegungsaktivität der Blankaale wurde zu den Zeiten natürlicher Dunkelheit beobachtet. Sie fällt in die Zeit zwischen Sonnenuntergang und Mondaufgang. Durch künstliche Veränderung der Hell-Dunkel-Periode konnten die Zeiten der Aktivität bis zu einem gewissen Grade verändert werden. Diese Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der Aalwanderung und lunarperiodischer Zusammenhänge diskutiert.

Summary

1. Behaviour of migratory silver eels and immature yellow eels,Anguilla rostrata, was studied in a choice-chamber apparatus.

2. Silver eels display a negative rheotaxis in both well water and natural stream water.

3. Silver eels reversed the sign of their response, to a positive rheotaxis, when salt water was introduced into the tank.

4. Rheotaxis and the salinity response are proposed as an effective orientation mechanism in the seaward migration of the silver eel. Responses are anticipatory in nature and are thought to be only part of a sequential arrangement of orientation behaviours.

5. Yellow eels showed no rheotactic response in August, but displayed a negative rheotaxis two months later into the fall. This seasonal difference in rheotactic responses of the yellow eels suggests periodic movement away from a home range in what might constitute a “dry run” for the eventual offshore migration.

6. Yellow and silver eels in heterogenous samples showed similar rheotactic responses in fresh water but were segregated by response in salt water.

7. The non-orientation of the yellow eels in the freshwater-saltwater choice suggests that it is the response to salinity which contains the yellow eel in its feeding habitat and later guides the silver eel away from it.

8. Perception of saltwater by silver eels is olfactory.

9. Locomotor activity of silver eels peaked to coincide with periods of naturally occurring darkness, between sunset and moonrise. The relationship between eel migration and lunar period is discussed in this respect.

10. Exogenous control over locomotor activity is indicated by experiments which induced activity during daylight hours. The presence of an endogenous factor is also suggested.

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Based on a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. from University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.

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Hain, J.H.W. The behaviour of migratory eels,Anguilla rostrata, in response to current, salinity and lunar period. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 27, 211–233 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611808

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