- Experimental Ecology — Its Significance As A Marine Biological Tool
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Changes in temperature tolerance ofBalanus balanoides during its life-cycle
Veränderungen der Temperaturtoleranz vonBalanus balanoides während seines Lebenszyklus
Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen volume 15, pages 98–115 (1967)
Kurzfassung
In Nordwales weisen die oberen Letaltemperaturen des CirripediersB. balanoides nur geringe jahreszeitliche Variationen auf. Jedoch treten je nach der Jahreszeit merkbare Resistenzveränderungen bei Temperaturen unter Null auf, wobei die untere Letaltemperatur von −6,0° C im Juni bis zu −17,6° C im Januar schwankt. Eine außergewöhnlich starke Kältetoleranz wird in der Zeit von Dezember und Januar erworben und zwischen Februar und April wieder verloren. Obwohl diese Zeitspanne mit der Oviposition beziehungsweise dem Schlüpfen der Nauplien zusammenfallen, konnte festgestellt werden, daß die Kältetoleranz nicht notwendigerweise vom Brutzyklus abhing oder diesen begleitete. Unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen wurde von kalt gehaltenen Tieren eine Kälteresistenz nicht erworben, auch ging diese bei Tieren, die während des Frühlings im Labor verblieben, nicht verloren. Es ließ sich nicht beweisen, daß Veränderungen in der Ernährung oder Änderungen in der Tageslänge zu einem Verlust der Kälteresistenz führen. Die Cypriden waren wesentlich weniger widerstandsfähig, sowohl gegenüber hohen wie niedrigen Temperaturen, als überwinternde Adulte und die ältesten Embryostadien. Während der Metamorphose zeigte sich eine merkliche Erhöhung der Temperaturresistenz. Das Auftreten der Kälteresistenz beim Adultus fiel mit einer Periode „physiologischen Winterschlafs“ zusammen, wobei gewisse Gewebe reduziert wurden und Nahrungsaufnahme, Atmung und biosynthetische Aktivität nachließen. Dieser stoffwechselphysiologische Aktivitätsrückgang könnte ein Faktor sein, der die beobachtete erhöhte Kältetoleranz fördert. Außerdem wird möglicherweise auch die Zusammensetzung der Körperflüssigkeiten während des Winters so verändert, daß die Gewebe geschützt werden.
Summary
1. The barnacleBalanus balanoides exhibits little seasonal variation in upper lethal temperatures in North Wales.
2. There are marked seasonal changes in resistance to sub-zero temperatures, the lower lethal varying from −6.0° C in June to −17.6° C in January.
3. Exceptional tolerance to cold is acquired between December and January and is lost between February and April. Although these dates coincide with oviposition and naupliar liberation respectively, it was found that cold tolerance did not necessarily depend upon, or accompany, the normal breeding cycle.
4. Cold tolerance was not acquired by animals kept cold in the laboratory during winter, nor was it lost in animals kept in the laboratory during spring. There was no evidence that changes in nutrition or in the light régime led to loss of cold tolerance.
5. The cyprids were considerably less resistant to both high and low temperatures than the overwintering adults and the late-stage embryos. There was a marked increase in resistance at metamorphosis.
6. The appearance of cold tolerance in the adult coincides with a period of “physiological hibernation”, involving loss of certain tissues, diminished feeding activity, respiration and biosynthesis. The metabolic inactivity of the animal may be a factor promoting the greatly increased tolerance to cold that we have observed, while the composition of the body fluids may also be modified during the winter in such a way as to protect the tissues.
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Crisp, D.J., Ritz, D.A. Changes in temperature tolerance ofBalanus balanoides during its life-cycle. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 15, 98–115 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01618612
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01618612