Skip to main content
Download PDF

Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni

Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 40, pages 241–265 (1986)Cite this article

Abstract

Larvae of the shrimpsCrangon crangon L. andC. allmanni Kinahan were reared in the laboratory from hatching through metamorphosis. Effects of rearing methods (larval density, application of streptomycin, food) and of salinity on larval development were tested only inC. crangon, influence of temperature was studied in both species. Best results were obtained when larvae were reared individually, with a mixture ofArtemia sp. and the rotiferBrachionus plicatilis as food. Streptomycin had partly negative effects and was thus not adopted for standard rearing techniques. All factors tested in this study influenced not only the rates of larval survival and moulting, but also morphogenesis. In both species, in particular inC. crangon, a high degree of variability in larval morphology and in developmental pathways was observed. Unsuitable conditions, e.g. crowding in mass culture, application of antibiotics, unsuitable food (rotifers, phytoplankton), extreme temperatures and salinities, tend to increase the number of larval instars and of morphological forms. The frequency of moulting is controlled mainly by temperature. Regression equations describing the relations between the durations of larval instars and temperature are given for bothCrangon species. The number of moults is a linear function of larval age and a power function of temperature. There is high variation in growth (measured as carapace length), moulting frequency, morphogenesis, and survival among hatches originating from different females. The interrelations between these different measures of larval development in shrimps and prawns are discussed.

Literature cited

  • Allen, J. A., 1960. On the biology ofCrangon allmanni Kinahan in Northumberland waters. — J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.39 481–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anger, K. & Nair, K. K. C., 1979. Laboratory experiments on the larval development ofHyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae). — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.32 36–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anger, K. & Dawirs, R. R., 1981. Influence of starvation on the larval development ofHyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae). — Helgoländer Meeresunters.34 287–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arntz, W. W., 1971. Die Nahrung der Kliesche in der Kieler Bucht. — Ber. dt. wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch.22 129–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman, M., Bowe, K. & Spliethoff, P., 1976. Garnelen en Krabben als mogelijke predatoren van O — jarige schol op het balgzand. — Visserij29 432–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boddeke, R., 1976. The seasonal migration of the brown shrimpCrangon crangon. — Neth. J. Sea. Res.10 103–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddeke, R. & Becker, B., 1979. A quantitative study of the fluctuations of the stock of brown shrimp(Crangon crangon) along the coast of the Netherlands. — Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer.175 253–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brick, R. W., 1974. Effects of water quality, antibiotics, phytoplankton and food on survival and development of larvae ofScylla serrata (Crustacea, Portunidae). — Aquaculture3 231–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broad, A. C., 1975a. Larval development of the crustaceanThor floridanus Kingsley. — J. Elisha Mitchell scient. Soc.73 316–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broad, A. C., 1957b. The relationship between diet and larval development ofPalaemonetes. — Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole112 162–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broekema, M. M. M., 1942. Seasonal movements and the osmotic behaviour of the shrimpCrangon crangon. L. — Archs neerl. Zool.6 1–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, M. E. & Yang, W. T, 1976. Feeding experiments on the larvae of the fiddler crabUca pugilator (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. — Aquaculture8 91–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, P. N., 1972. Acute toxicity of heavy metals to some marine larvae. — Mar. Pollut. Bull.3 190–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creutzberg, F. & Leeuwen van F., 1980. The life cycle ofCrangon allmanni Kinahan, in the Southern North Sea. — C. M./ICESL 71 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criales, M. M., 1985. Untersuchungen zur Larvalentwicklung vonCrangon crangon L. andCrangon allmanni Kinahan (Decapoda, Natantia, Caridea). Diss., Univ. Kiel, 223 pp.

  • D'Agostino, A., 1975. Antibiotics in culture of invertebrates. In: Culture of marine invertebrate animals. Ed. by W. L. Smith & M. H. Chanley. Plenum Press, New York, 109–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalley, R., 1980. The survival and development of the shrimpCrangon crangon (L.) reared in the laboratory under non-circadian light-dark cycles. — J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.47 101–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawirs, R. R., 1982. Methodical aspects of rearing decapod larvae,Pagurus bernhardus (Paguridae) andCarcinus maenas (Portunidae). — Helgoländer Meeresunters.35 439–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornheim, H., 1969. Beiträge zur Biologie der GarneleCrangon crangon (L.) in der Kieler Bucht. —Ber. dt. wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch. 20 179–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Cane, R. N., 1839. On the metamorphosis of the crustacea. — Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.3 438–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenbaum, E., 1890. Zur Naturgeschichte vonCrangon vulgaris. Fabr. — Mitt. dt. SeefischVer.Sonderbeil. 9–124.

  • Emmerson, W. D. & Andrews, B., 1981. The effect of stocking density on the growth, development and survival ofPenaeus indicus Milne Edwards larvae. — Aquaculture23 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, A. A., 1977. Larval development of British prawns and shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia). 1. Laboratory methods and a review ofPalaemon (Paleander) elegans Rathke, 1837. — Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.)32 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, A. A., 1979a. Larval development of British prawns and shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia). 2.Palaemonetes (Palaemon) varians (Leach, 1814) and morphological variation. — Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.)35 163–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fincham, A. A., 1979b. Larval development of British prawns and shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia). 3.Palaemonetes (Palaemon) longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and the effect of antibiotics on morphogenesis. — Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.)37 17–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, W. S. & Nelson, R. T., 1978. Application of antibiotics in the cultivation of Dungeness Crab,Cancer magister. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.34 432–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerlach, S. A. & Schrage, M., 1969. Freilebende Nematoden als Nahrung der StrandgarneleCrangon crangon L. (Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Bedeutung der Meiofauna als Nahrung für das marine Makrobenthos). — Oecologia2 362–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillard, R. R. L. & Ryther, J. H., 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I.Cyclotella nana Hustedt andDetonula confervaceae Cleve. — Can. J. Microbiol.8 229–239.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurney, A. R., 1982. The larval development ofCrangon crangon (Fabr. 1795) (Crustacea, Decapoda). — Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.)42 247–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heerebout, G. G., 1974. Distribution and ecology of the Decapoda Natantia of the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt. — Neth. J. Sea Res.8 73–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingle, R. W. & Rice, A. L., 1971. The larval development of the masked crabCorystes cassivelaunus (Pennant), reared in the laboratory. — Crustaceana20 271–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton, R. E., 1974. Larval developmental processes and controlling factors in decapod crustacea, with emphasis on Caridea. — Thalassia jugosl.10 139–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kühl, H. & Mann, H., 1963. Das Vorkommen von Garnelenlarven (Crangon crangon L.) in der Elbmündung. — Arch. FischWiss.14 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuipers, B. R. & Dapper, R., 1984. Nursery function of Wadden Sea tidal flats for the brown shrimpCrangon crangon. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.17 171–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebour, M., 1931. The larvae of the Plymouth Caridea. — I. The larvae of the Crangonidae. II. The larvae of the Hippolytidae. — Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.1931 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, I.-C., Su, H.-M. & Lin, J.-H., 1983. Larval foods for penaeid prawns. In: Handbook of mariculture. Vol. I: Crustacean aquaculture. Ed. by J. P. McVey. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 43–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzi, J. J., Maddox, M. B. & Sandifer, P. A., 1977. Algal supplement enhancement ofMacrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) larviculture. — Proc. a. Meet. Wld Maricult. Soc.8 207–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConaugha, J. R., 1982. Regulation of crustacean morphogenesis in larvae of the mud crab,Rhithropanopeus harrisii. — J. exp. Zool.223 155–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, A., 1968. Die Nahrung junger Plattfische in der Nord- und Ostsee. — Kieler Meeresforsch.24 124–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, M. B., 1980. A bibliography of shrimp and prawn nutrition. — Aquaculture21 101–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odai, M., Ikegami, T., Ros, A. O., Alcazar, A. G., Arnal, J. I., Santaella, E., Segarra, J. G., Sandino, S. & Peñalver, L., 1978. Experiencias sobre cultivos de larvas dePalaemon serratus, Penaeus kerathurus y Sparus auratus, realizadas en el Laboratorio del Mar Menor del Instituto Español de Oceanografía. — Boln Inst. esp. Oceanogr.4 3–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, M. R., 1969. Growth, metamorphosis and energy conversion in the larvae of the prawnPalaemon serratus. — J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.49 77–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnault, M., 1969a. Étude expérimentale de la nutrition d'Hippolyte inermis Leach (Décapode, Natantia) au cours de son développement larvaire, au laboratoire. — Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol.54 749–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnault, M., 1969b. Influence de la température et de l'origine de l'eau de mer sur le développement larvaire au laboratoire d'Hippolyte inermis Leach. — Vie Milieu (A)20 137–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regnault, M. & Costlow, J. D., 1970. Influence de la température et de la salinité sur le développement larvaire deCrangon septemspinosa Say (Decapoda, Caridea). — Vie Milieu (A)21 453–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reise, K., 1979. Moderate predation on meiofauna by the macrobenthos of the Wadden Sea. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.32 453–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, M. H., 1974. Larval development ofPagurus longicarpus Say reared in the laboratory. V. Effect of diet on survival and molting. — Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole146 67–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochanaburanon, T. & Williamson, D. I., 1976. Laboratory survival of larvae ofPalaemon elegans Rathke and other Caridean shrimps in relation to their distribution and ecology. — Estuar. coast. mar. Sci.4 83–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothlisberg, P. C., 1979. Combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of the larvae ofPandalus jordani (Decapoda, Pandalidae). — Mar. Biol.54 125–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandifer, P. A., 1972. Effects of diet on larval development ofThor floridanus (Decapoda, Caridea) in the laboratory. — Va J. Sci.23 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sars, G. O., 1890. Bidrag til kundskaben om Decapodernes Forvandlinger. III. Crangonidae. — Arch. Math. Naturv.1890 139–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shumway, S. E., Perkins, H. C., Schick, D. F. & Stickney, A. P., 1985. Synopsis of biological data on the pink shrimp,Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838. — NOAA techn. Rep. (NMFS)30 1–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, M., 1979. Primeros estadios larvarios dePontocaris lacazei (Gourret) (Decapoda, Macrura, Crangonidae) obtenidos en laboratorio. — Investigación pesq.43 565–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smaldon, G., 1979. British coastal shrimps and prawns. Acad. Press, London, 126 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna. 15).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulkin, S. D. & Norman, K., 1976. A comparison of two diets in the laboratory culture of the zoeal stages of the brachyuran crabsRhithropanopeus harrisii andNeopanope sp. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.28 183–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sulkin, S. D., 1978. Nutritional requirements during larval development of the portunid crab,Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. — J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.34 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sulkin, S. D. & Heukelem, W. F. van, 1980. Ecological and evolutionary significance of nutritional flexibility in planktotrophic larvae of the deep sea red crabGeryon quinquedens and the stone crabMenippe mercenaria. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.2 91–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summers, R. W., 1980. The diet and feeding behaviour of the flounderPlatichthys flesus (L.) in the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. — Estuar. coast. mar. Sci.11 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesmer, Ch. A. & Broad, A. C., 1964. The larval development ofCrangon septemspinosa (Say). — Ohio J. Sci.4 239–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiews, K., 1983. Über die Veränderungen im Auftreten von Fischen und Krebsen im Beifang der deutschen Garnelenfischerei während der Jahre 1954–1981. Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie des deutschen Wattenmeeres und zum biologischen Monitoring von Ökosystemen im Meer. — Arch. FischWiss.34 1–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, G. E., 1921. The larvae of the Decapoda Macrura and Anomura of Plymouth. — J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.12 1–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickins, J. F., 1972a. Developments in the laboratory culture of the common prawn,Palaemon serratus. — Fishery Invest., Lond. (Ser. 2)27(4), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickins, J. F., 1972b. Experiments in the culture of the spot prawnPandalus platyceros Brandt and the giant freshwater prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). — Fishery Invest., Lond. (Ser. 2)27(5), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wienberg, R., 1982. Larvalentwicklung im Labor erbrüteter Tiefseegarnelen,Pandalus borealis (Crustacea, Decapoda). — Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg25 185–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, D. I., 1960. Crustacea, Decapoda, Larvae. VII. Caridea, Familiy Crangonidae. Stenopodidae. — Fich. Ident. Zooplankton90 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, H. C., 1901. On the larval stages of decapod Crustacea. The shrimp (Crangon vulgaris Fabr.). — Rep. Fishery Bd Scotl.19 92–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, H. C., 1915. Crustacea Decapoda. Larven. — Nord. Plankt. (Zool.)6 315–588.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. M. M. Criales

    Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betín, Apartado Aéreo 1016, Santa Marta, Colombia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (Meeresstation), D-2192, Helgoland, Federal Republic of Germany

    M. M. Criales & K. Anger

Authors
  1. M. M. Criales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Anger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Criales, M.M., Anger, K. Experimental studies on the larval development of the shrimpsCrangon crangon andC. allmanni . Helgolander Meeresunters 40, 241–265 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01983735

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01983735

Keywords

  • Waste Water
  • Phytoplankton
  • Streptomycin
  • Power Function
  • Larval Development

Helgoland Marine Research

ISSN: 1438-3888

Contact us