Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Zur Biogeographie des Südwestatlantik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria)

On the biogeography of the southwest Atlantic with special reference to the sea anemones (Coelenterata: Actiniaria)

Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 40, pages 91–149 (1986)Cite this article

Abstract

Extensive sampling of benthos by F.R.V. “Walther Herwig” (1966, 1970/71, 1978) covering the continental shelf of Argentina yielded some 1000 sea anemone specimens (19 species). The distribution patterns of the sublittoral and archibenthal species are analysed and compared with the rather scanty and controversial hydrographical information available. Species with discontinuous distribution along the continental shelf edge are believed to indicate discontinuous yet relatively stable oceanographic conditions within the depth concerned. The archibenthal “Challenger Terrace”, located immediately near and beneath the subtropical convergence, harbours a peculiar faunal assemblage of partly subantarctic/antarctic character and partly consisting of species which seem to be typical for permanent hydrographic fronts. In addition, the study includes a new taxonomic combination:Bolocera tuediae subsp.kerguelensis (Studer, 1879) nov. comb.

Literatur

  • Andriashev, A. P., 1977. Some additions to schemes of the vertical zonation of marine bottom fauna. In: Adaptations within antarctic ecosystems. Ed. by G. A. Llano. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C., 351–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus, 1972. Atlas oceanografico (Atlantico Sul) — Condicoes no verao de 1972. Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegacao, Rio de Janeiro.

  • Aragno, F. J. (Ed.), 1968. Datos y resultados preliminares de las campanas pesqueria “Pesqueria I”. — Publnes Proy. Desarr. Pesq.,10, 1–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balech, E., 1954. Division zoogeografica del litoral sudamericano. — Revta Biol. mar.4, 184–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balech, E., 1964. Caracteras biogeograficos de la Argentina y Uruguay. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac., B. Aires,7, 107–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balech, E., 1968. Dinoflagellates. In: Primary productivity and benthic marine algae of the antarctic and subantarctic. Ed. by S. Z. El-Sayed. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 8–9 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 10).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, R., Bonel Rivas, L. & Osario e Castro, M. L., 1965. Estudos na zona terminal da corriente do Brasil. — Not. tec. Inst. Pesq. mar.23, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch, I., 1982. Ophiuridea (Echinodermata) from the Patagonian shelf. — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.79, 211–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bé, A., 1969. Planktonic Foraminifera. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 9–12 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Belem, M. J. C., 1980. Redescricao deHomostichanthus duerdeni Carlgren, 1900 (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) (Contribuicoes ao conhecimento da fauna de cnidarios do Esperito Santo, Brasil 2). — Revta Nordest. Biol.3 (Especial), 9–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belem, M. J. C. & Preslercravo, J. C., 1973. Contribuicoes ao conhecimento da fauna de cnidarios do Esperito Santo, Brasil I. Consideracoes sobre Actiniaria do Municipio de Aracruz, ES. — Bolm Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitão (Zool.)80, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belem, M. J. C. & Monteiro, D. C., 1977. Contribuicoes ao conhecimento da fauna de cnidarios do Rio de Janeiro. II.Haliplanella luciae (Verrill, 1898) (Actiniaria, Acontiaria) uma nova ocorrencia no Brasil. — Avulso UFRJ — CCS — Depto Zool.26, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellisio, N. B. & Lopez, R. B., 1973. I. Merluza de Cola —Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg. — Monografias recursos pesq.1, 1–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernasconi, I., 1964. Distribucion geografica de los Equinoideos y Asteroideas de la extremidad austral de Sudamerica. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac. B. Aires7, 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernasconi, I., 1973. Los Equinodermos colectados por el “Walther Herwig” en el Atlantico sudoeste. — Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia (Hidrobiol.)3, 287–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M., 1977. Ofiuroideos del mar epicontinental Argentino. — Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia (Hidrobiol.)5, 65–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bersch, M. & Becker, G. A., 1984. Upper layer thermal structure in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. — Dt. hydrogr. Z.37 (2), 71–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, D., 1971. Contribucion al conocimiento de los pteropodos Thecosomados sobre la plataforma continental bonaerense. — Revta Mus. La Plata (Zool.)11, 121–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, D., 1981. Caracteristicas biologicas del Atlantico sudoccidental. In: Atlas del zooplankton del Atlantico sudoccidental y metodos de trabajo con el zooplancton marino. Ed. by D. Boltovskoy. Inst. Nac. Invest. Des. Pesq., Mar. del Plata, 239–251.

  • Boltovskoy, E., 1959. La corriente de Malvinas (un estudio en base a la investigacion de Foraminiferos). — Publ. Serv. Hidrogr. Naval, B. AiresH 1015, 1–93.

  • Boltovskoy, E., 1964. Provincias zoogeograficas de America del sur su sector antarctico segun los foraminiferos bentonicos. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac. B. Aires7, 93–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, E., 1968. Hidrologia de las aguas superficiales en la parte occidental del Atlantico sur. — Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia (Hidrobiol.)2, 199–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, E., 1971. Ecology of the planktonic foraminifera living in the surface layer of Drake passage. — Micropaleontology17, 53–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, E., 1978. Problema de los indicadores biologicos en oceanografia. — An. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. B. Aires30, 229–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltovskoy, E. & Watanabe, S., 1980. Atlas of benthic shelf foraminifers of the Southwest Atlantic. Junk, 'S-Gravenhage, 153 pp.

  • Boschi, E., 1964a. Los crustaceos decapodos Brachyura del litoral bonaerense (R. Argentina). — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac. B. Aires6, 1–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boschi, E., 1964b. Los Peneidos de Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac. B. Aires7, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boschi, E., 1979. Geographic distribution of Argentinian marine decapod crustaceans. — Bull. biol. Soc. Wash.3, 134–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boschma, H. & Lowe, T. P., 1969. Stylasterina. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35° S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 14–15 (Antarctic Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandhorst, W. & Castello, J. P., 1971. Evaluacion de los recrusos de anchoita(Engraulis anchoita) frente a la Argentina y Uruguay. — Contrnes Inst. biol. mar. Mar del Plata166, 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, St. B. & Wadley, V. A., 1981. Thermal fronts as ecotones and zoogeographic barriers in marine and freshwater systems. — Proc. ecol. Soc. Aust.11, 13–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brattström, H. & Johanssen, A., 1983. Ecological and regional zoogeography of the marine benthic fauna of Chile. — Sarsia68, 289–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, J., 1974. Marine zoogeography. McGraw-Hill, New York, 475 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bückmann, A., 1974. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS "Walther Herwig" nach Südamerika XXXII. Die Appendicularienfänge der "Walther Herwig" auf dem Patagonischen Schelf im September 1971. — Arch. FischWiss.25, 21–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burckle, L. H. & Stanton, D., 1975. Distribution of displaced antarctic diatoms in the Argentine basin. — Nova Hedwigia, Beih.53, 283–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, M., 1932. Sponges. — Discovery Rep.6, 238–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buscaglia, J. L., 1971. On the circulation of the intermediate waters in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. — J. mar. Res.29, 245–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, S. D., 1982. Antarctic and subantarctic Scleractinia. — Antarct. Res. Ser.34, 1–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, S. D., 1983. Antarctic and subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). — Antarct. Res. Ser.38, 61–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1899. Zoantharien. — Hamburger Magelhaensische Sammelreise4, 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1903. Actiniarien. — Résult. Voyage S. Y. Belgica (Zool.),1903, 3–11.

  • Carlgren, O., 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. — Further zool. Results Swed. Antarct. Exped.2, 1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1928. Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Tiefsee-Exped. "Valdivia"22, 126–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1938. South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. — K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl.17, 1–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1939. Actiniaria and Zoantharia of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902–1904. — Trans. R. Soc. Edinb.49, 791–803.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1949. A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. — K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. (Ser. 4)1, 1–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlgren, O., 1959. Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria with description of a new genus and species from Peru. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–49, Nr. 38. — Acta Univ. lund. (Avd. 2)56, 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, D., 1965. Actinias de Montemar, Valparaiso. — Revta Biol. mar.12, 129–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castello, J. P., 1984. Registros del elefante marino,Mirounga leonina (Carnivora, Phocidae) en las costas del Atlantico S.O., fuera del area de cria. — Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. (Zool.)13, 235–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellanos, Z. A. de, 1982. Los Pyramidellidae de la Republica Argentina (Moll. Entomotaeniata). — Comun. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia2, 61–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciechomski, J. D. de & Sanchez, R. P., 1983. Ichthyoplankton abundance and associated zooplankton biomass in the shelf waters off Argentina. — Biol. Oceanogr.3, 77–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clowes, A. J., 1933. Influence of the Pacific on the circulation in the south-west Atlantic Ocean. — Nature, Lond.131, 189–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coelho, P. A., 1980. Zoogeografia marinha do Brasil. I. Consideracoes gerais sobre o metodo e aplicacao a um grupo de Crustaceos (Paguros: Crustacea Decapoda, superfamilias Paguroidea e Coenobitoidea). — Bolm Inst. Oceanogr., S Paulo29, 139–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corrêa, D. D., 1964. Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Tese para provimento do cargo de Professor Catedratico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 139 pp.

  • Corrêa, D. D. & Schlenz, E., 1976. On the sea anemoneParacondylactis hertwigi (Wassilieff, 1908). — Bolm zool. Univ. S. Paulo1, 69–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P. K., Robilliard, G. A. & Paine, T. R., 1970. Benthic faunal zonation as a result of anchor ice at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In: Antarctic ecology. Ed. by M. W. Holdgate. Acad. Press, London,1, 244–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, G. E. R., 1933. A general account of the hydrology of the South Atlantic Ocean. — Discovery Rep.7, 171–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, G. E. R., 1937. The hydrology of the Southern Ocean. — Discovery Rep.15, 1–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, G. E. R., 1963. The Southern Ocean. In: The Sea. Ed. by M. N. Hill, Wiley, New York,2, 281–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, G. E. R., 1977. Comments on a counterclockwise circulation in the Pacific subantarctic sector of the Southern Ocean suggested by McGinnis. — Deep Sea Res.24, 927–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, G. E. R., 1982. Physical and biological zonation in the Southern Ocean. — Deep Sea Res.29, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dearborn, J. H. & Rommel, J. A., 1969. Crinoidea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35° S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 35–36 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Defant, A., 1936. Zusammenfassende Übersicht und allgemeine Beziehungen der troposphärischen Zirkulation zur Verteilung des Gehaltes an Sauerstoff, anderer chemischer Faktoren und des Planktons. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. "Meteor"6 (1), 1–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Defant, A., 1961. Physical oceanography. Pergamon Press, London,1, 1–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, R. K., 1956. The archibenthal Mollusca of New Zealand. — Bull. Dom. Mus., Wellington18, 1–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, R. K., 1964. Zoogeography of antarctic benthic Mollusca. In: Biologie antarctique. Hermann, Paris, 259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dell, R. K., 1972. Antarctic benthos. — Adv. mar. Biol.10, 11–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl, M., 1977. Ascidien des argentinischen Schelfs aus den Grundtrawl-Fängen des FFS "Walther Herwig" auf seiner dritten Südamerika-Expedition. — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.74, 139–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, G. & Ulrich, J. (Hrsg.), 1968. Atlas zur Ozeanographie. Bibliograph. Institut, Mannheim, 76 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, G., Kalle, K., Kraus, W. & Siedler, G., 1975. Allgemeine Meereskunde. Bornträger, Berlin, 593 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doumenc, D., 1975. Actinies bathyales de l'océan Atlantique nord. Familles des Hormathiidae (genresParacalliactis etPhelliactis) et des Actinostolidae (genresActinoscyphia etSicyonis). — Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (Zool.)197, 157–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doumenc, D., 1984. Les Actinies bathyales du Chili: Un exemple d'utilization de fichiers informatiques. — Annls Inst. océanogr., Paris60, 143–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drygalski, E. von, 1927. Ozean und Antarktis. — Dt. Südpolar-Exped.7, 387–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1974. Anemonas-do-mar (Ordem Actiniaria) do estado da Bahia. Dissertacao apresentada ao departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo paraobtencao do titulo de Mestrem Zoologia. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Sao Paulo, 112 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1975. Contribution to the study of the sea anemones from the state of Bahia, Brazil. I.Actinia bermudensis (McMurrich, 1899) undAnemonia sargassensis Hargitt, 1908. — Natura, Salvador1, 104–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1976a. Contribution to the study of the sea anemones from the state of Bahia, Brazil. II.Phyllactis praetexta (Dana, 1846) andCalliactis tricolor (Lesueur, 1817). — Natura, Bahia76, 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1976b. Sea anemones of the State of Bahia, Brazil. 3.Bunodosoma cangicum. — Boln Inst. biol. Bahia15, 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1977. Contribution to the study of sea anemones from the State of Bahia IV.Anthopleura cascaia Corrêa, 1964. — Natura, Bahia77, 43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, V. M. C., 1978. Sea anemones (Order Actiniaria) of the State of Bahia. — Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de J.19, 31–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, D. F., 1982.Paraphelliactis pabista, a new species of hormathiid sea anemone from abyssal northeastern Pacific waters. — Syesis15, 51–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, D. F., 1983. Some antarctic and subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Ptychodactiaria and Actiniaria). — Antarct. Res. Ser.39, 1–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, D. F., 1984. More antarctic and subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria). — Antarct. Res. Ser.41, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, D. F. & Bakus, G. J., 1977. Redescription and ecology ofLiponema brevicornis (McMurrich, 1893), with definition of the family Liponematidae (Coelenterata, Actiniaria). — Astarte10, 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Echols, R. J. & Kennett, J. P., 1973. Distribution of Foraminifera in the surface sediments. In: Marine sediments of the southern oceans. Ed. by V. C. Bushnell. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 13–17 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 17)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrich, S., 1980. Biologische Untersuchungen über die Grundfischbestände von Argentinien. — Mitt. Inst. Seefisch.30, 1–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, S., 1967. Zoogeography of the sea. Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 417 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayed, S. Z., 1967. On the productivity of the south west Atlantic ocean and the waters west of the antarctic peninsula. — Antarct. Res. Ser.3, 15–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayed, S. Z., 1970. Phytoplankton production of the South Pacific and the Pacific sector of the Antarctic. — Contr. Oceanogr.449, 127–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • England, K. W., 1971. Actiniaria from Muroroa atoll Tuamotu, Polynesia. — Cah. Pacif.15, 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esnal, G. B., 1968. Salpas colectados por “El Austral” y el “Walther Herwig” en el oceano atlantico. — Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia (Hidrobiol.)2, 257–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, M. & Lonardi, A. G., 1971. Sediment transport and distribution in the Argentine Basin. 5. Sedimentary structure of the Argentine margin, basin and related provinces. In: Physics and chemistry of the earth. Ed. by L. H. Ahrens, F. Press, S. K. Runcorn & H. C. Urey. Pergamon Press, New York,8, 101–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, M., Eittreim, St., Ewing, J. & Le Pichon, X., 1971. Sediment transport and distribution in the Argentine basin. 3. Nepheloid layer and processes of sedimentation. In: Physics and chemistry of the earth. Ed. by L. H. Ahrens, F. Press, S. K. Runcorn & H. C. Urey. Pergamon Press, New York,8, 51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fell, H. B. & Dawsey, S., 1969. Asteroidea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 41 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fell, H. B., Holzinger, T. & Sherraden, M., 1969. Ophiuridea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 42–43. (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M. W., 1969. Brachiopoda. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 21–22 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • General bathymetric chart of the oceans (GEBCO), 1978. Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa. Chart5.12.

  • General bathymetric chart of the oceans (GEBCO), 1981. Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa. Chart5.16.

  • Georgi, D. T., 1979. Modal properties of antarctic intermediate water in the south east Pacific and the south Atlantic. — J. phys. Oceanogr.9, 456–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. L., 1966. Potential temperature, oxygen and circulation of bottom water in the southern ocean. — Deep Sea Res.13, 1125–1138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. L., 1981. South Atlantic thermocline ventilation. — Deep Sea Res.28, 1239–1264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. L. & Goldberg, R. D., 1970. Circumpolar characteristics of antarctic waters. In: Circumpolar characteristics of antarctic waters. Ed. by V. C. Bushnell. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 1–5 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 13).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. L. & Molinelli, E., 1982. Southern ocean atlas. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 11 pp., 233 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A. L., Georgi, D. T. & Taylor, H. W., 1977. Antarctic polar front zone in the western Scotia Sea — summer 1975. — J. phys. Oceanogr.7, 309–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haeckel, E., 1888. Report on the Siphonophorae collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. — Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger (Zool.)28, 1–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, T. J., 1946. Report on trawling surveys on the Patagonian continental shelf. — Discovery Rep.23, 223–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, O., 1964. Polychaeta Errantia of Antarctica. — Antarct. Res. Ser.3, 1–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, O., 1966. Polychaeta myzostomidae and sedenteria of Antarctica. — Antarct. Res. Ser.7, 1–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, G., 1964. Biogéographie et écologie des animaux marins — discussion. In: Biologie antarctique. Hermann, Paris, 283–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann-Schröder, G., 1983. Die Polychaeten der 15., 36. und 76. Reise von FFS “Walther Herwig” zum patagonischen Schelf (Südwest-Atlantik). — Senckenb. marit.15, 251–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann-Schröder, G. & Hartmann, G., 1962. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikküste und der argentinischen Küste Südpatagoniens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.60 (Suppl.), 1–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartog, J. C. den, 1980. Caribbean shallow water corallimorpharia. — Zool. Verh., Leiden176, 1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, A. B., 1943. Polyzoa (Bryozoa). — Discovery Rep.22, 301–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayden, B. P. & Dolan, R., 1976. Coastal marine fauna and marine climates of the Americas. — J. Biogeogr.3, 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedgpeth, J. W., 1969. Pycnogonida. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 26–28 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heezen, B. C. & Hollister, Ch. D., 1971. The face of the deep. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 659 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentschel, E., 1936. Allgemeine Biologie des südatlantischen Ozeans. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”11, 1–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heron-Allen, E. & Earland, A., 1932. Foraminifera Part I. The ice-free area of the Falkland-Islands and adjacent seas. — Discovery Rep.4, 293–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertwig, R., 1882. Die Actinien der Challenger-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 119 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertwig, R., 1888. Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. — Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger (Zool.)26 (Suppl.), 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, N. S., 1969. Halocypridae. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 29–30 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollister, C. D. & McCave, I. N., 1984. Sedimentation under deep-sea storms. — Nature, Lond.309, 220–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyle, W. E., 1886. Report on the Cephalopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger. — Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger (Zool.)16, 1–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubold, G., 1980a. Hydrography and plankton off southern Brazil and Rio de la Plata, August – November 1977. — Atlantica, Rio Grande4, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubold, G., 1980b. Second part on hydrography and plankton off southern Brazil and Rio de la Plata. — Atlantica, Rio Grande4, 23–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Institut für Seefischerei, 1966. FFS “Walther Herwig” im Südatlantik. Forschungsfahrt zum südamerikanischen Schelfgebiet von Südbrasilien bis Kap Horn. — Infn Fischw.13, 146–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. W. & Brinton, E., 1963. Biological species, watermasses and currents. In: The sea. Ed. by M. N. Hill. Wiley, New York,2, 381–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joly, A. B., 1965. Marine flora of the tropical and subtropical western south Atlantic. — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37, 279–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, P., 1976.Neomenia herwigi sp. n., ein bemerkenswerter Vertreter der Solenogastren (Mollusca, Aculifera) aus argentinischen Schelfgewässern. — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.73, 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, P., 1977a. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Voluten (Mollusca) in argentinisch-brasilianischen Gewässern (mit der Beschreibung zweier neuer Arten). — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.74, 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, P., 1977b. Über den Fund einer neuen Buccinide (Mollusca),Echinosipho aculeatum gen. n. und sp. n. in patagonischen Gewässern. — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.74, 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, P., 1980. Die GattungBathydoris Bergh 1884 in patagonischen Gewässern. — Spixiana3, 43–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapp, H., 1980. Results of the research cruises of FRV “Walther Herwig” to South America. LV. Chaetognatha from the Patagonian shelf in February 1971. — Arch. FischWiss.30, 125–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klähn, J., 1911. Über die Meeresströmungen zwischen Kap Horn und La Plata-Mündung. — Annln Hydrogr., Berlin39, 647–665.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klappenbach, M. A., 1965. Lista preliminar de los Mytilidae brasilenos con claves para su determinacion y notas sobre su distribucion. — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37, 327–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, G. A., 1977. The antarctic polychaete fauna: Its characteristics, distribution patterns and evolution. In: Adaptations within antarctic ecosystems. Ed. by G. A. Llano. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C., 1111–1127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koltun, V. M., 1969. Porifera. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 13–14 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kott, P., 1969. Ascidiacea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 43–44 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krefft, G., 1968. Neue und erstmalig nachgewiesene Knorpelfische aus dem Archibenthal des Südwestatlantiks, einschließlich einer Diskussion einigerEtmopterus-Arten südlicher Meere. — Arch. FischWiss.19, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krepper, C. M. & Rivas, A. L., 1979. Analisis de la caracteristicas oceanograficas de la zona austral de la plataforma continental Argentina y aguas adyacentes. — Acta oceanogr. Argent.2, 55–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger, H., 1939. Die Thaliaceen der Meteor-Expedition. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”13, 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusakin, O. G., 1967. Fauna of the Isopoda and Tanaidacea in the coastal zones of the Antarctic and subantarctic waters. — Biol. Rep. Sov. antarct. Exped. (1955–1958)3, 220–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lattin, G. de, 1967. Grundriß der Zoogeographie. Fischer, Stuttgart, 602 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legeckis, R. & Gordon, A. L., 1982. Satellite observations of the Brazil and Falkland currents 1975 to 1976 and 1978. — Deep Sea Res.29, 375–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leipper, D. & Capurro, L., 1964. Continuation of surface and deep water current measurements in the Antarctic ocean (Drake Passage). — Contr. Tex. A & M Univ. Coll. Geosci.261, 161–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenz, W., 1975. Untersuchungen zur inneren hydrographischen Struktur des südlichen und mittleren Atlantiks (0–2000 m Tiefe) mit zoogeographischen Anmerkungen. — Ber. dt. wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch.24, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Pichon, X., Ewing, M. & Truchan, M., 1971. Sediment transport and distribution in the Argentine basin. 2. Antarctic bottom current passage into the Brazil basin. In: Physics and chemistry of the earth. Ed. by L. H. Ahrens, F. Press, S. K. Runcorn & H. C. Urey. Pergamon Press, New York,8, 31–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohmann, H., 1912. Beiträge zur Charakterisierung des Tier- und Pflanzenlebens in den von der “Deutschland” während ihrer Fahrt nach Buenos Aires durchfahrenen Gebieten des atlantischen Ozeans. — Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr.4, 407–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohmann, H. & Hentschel, E., 1939. Die Appendicularien im südatlantischen Ozean. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”13, 1–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lonardi, A. & Ewing, M., 1971. Sediment transport and distribution in the Argentine Basin. 4. Bathymetry of the continental margin, Argentine basin and other related provinces, canyons and sources of sediments. In: Physics and chemistry of the earth. Ed. by L. H. Ahrens, F. Press, S. K. Runcorn & H. C. Urey. Pergamon Press, New York,8, 79–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, R. B., 1964. Problemas de la distribucion geografica de los peces marinos suramericanos. — Boln Inst. biol mar. Univ. nac., B. Aires7, 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, M., 1979. Echinoidea des argentinischen Schelfs aus den Grundtrawlfängen des FFS “Walther Herwig” auf seiner dritten Südamerikaexpedition. — Dipl.-Arb., Univ. Hamburg, 126 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusquinos, A. J., 1966. Determinaion de la convergencia subtropical sobre la base de temperatura y salinidad obtenida en la campanas Tridente I y II. — Boln Serv. Hidrogr. Naval, B. Aires,3, 79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusquinos, A. J. & Valdez, A. J., 1971. Aportes al conocimiento de las massas de agua del Atlantico sudoccidental. — Publ. Serv. Hidrogr. Naval, B. Aires,H 659, 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, F. J., 1956. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition: Asteroidea. — Acta Univ. lund. (Avd. 2)52, 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelli, E. F., 1965. Contribucio al conocimiento de la produccion organica primera en aguas subantarcticas (Oceano Atlantico Sudoccidental). — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37, 399–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantyla, A. W. & Reid, J. L., 1983. Abyssal characteristics of the world ocean waters. — Deep Sea Res.30, 805–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslennikov, V. V. & Parfenovich, S. S., 1979. Some features of water dynamics off Falkland Islands. — Trudy vses. nauchnoissled. Inst. morsk. ryb Khoz. Okeanogr.136, 57–60 (Abstract: Deep Sea Res. 27B 1980, 71).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, H. L., 1934. The marine deposits of the Patagonian continental shelf. — Discovery Rep.19, 175–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinnis, R. F., 1974. Counter-clockwise circulation in the Pacific subantarctic sector of the southern ocean. — Science, N.Y.186, 736–738.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, W. C., 1885. Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873–1876. — Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger (Zool.)12, 1–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMurrich, J. P., 1893. Report on the Actiniae collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatros” during the winter of 1887–1888. — Proc. U.S. natn. Mus.16, 119–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMurrich, J. P., 1904. The Actiniae of the Plate collection. — Zool. Jb. (Suppl.)6, 215–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mileikovski, A. A., 1971. Types of larval development in marine bottom invertebrates. — Mar. Biol.10, 193–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molinelli, E., 1978. Isohaline thermocline in the southeast Pacific ocean. — J. phys. Oceanogr.8, 1139–1145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molinelli, E., 1981. The antarctic influence on antarctic intermediate water. — J. mar. Res.39, 267–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monniot, C. & Monniot, F., 1983. Les Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: morphologie et biogéographie. — Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (Zool.)125, 1–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, A. M. G. & Tommasi, L. R., 1983a. Ophiuridea das regioes antarctica e subantarctica. 1. Sobre tres especies de Gorgonocephalidae e Ophiacanthidae. — Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S. Paulo32, 33–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro, A. M. G. & Tommasi, L. R., 1983b. 2. Variacoes emGorgonocephalus chilensis (Philippi). — Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S. Paulo32, 55–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyano, H. I., 1982a. Bryozoa marinos de centro y sudamerica: Evaluacio preliminar (1). — Cah. Biol. mar.23, 365–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyano, H. I., 1982b. Magellanic Bryozoa: Some ecological and zoogeographical aspects. — Mar. Biol.67, 81–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moyano, H. I. & Gordon, A. L., 1980. New species of Hippothoidae (Bryozoa) from Chile, Antarctica and New Zealand. — J. R. Soc. N.Z.10, 75–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J., 1895. A summary of the scientific results obtained at the sounding, dredging, and trawling stations of H. M. S. Challenger. — Rep. scient. Results Voyage H. M. S. Challenger2, 1–1604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nehring, D. & Brosin, H. J., 1968. Ozeanographische Beobachtungen im äquatorialen Atlantik und auf dem patagonischen Schelf während der 1. Südatlantik-Expedition mit dem Fischereiforschungsschiff “Ernst Haeckel” von August bis Dezember 1966. — Geod. geophys. Veröff. (R. 4)3, 1–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottaway, J. R., 1980. Population ecology of the intertidal anemoneActinia tenebrosa. IV. Growth rates and longevities. — Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res.31, 385–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R. W., 1981. Fronts and eddies in the sea: mechanisms, interactions and biological effects. In: Analysis of marine ecosystems. Ed. by A. R. Longhurst. Acad. Press, London, 197–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacio, F. J., 1982. Revision zoogeografica marina del sur de Brasil. — Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S. Paulo31, 69–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawson, D. L., 1969. Holothuroidea. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 36–38 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fax, F., 1922. Diagnosen neuer Actiniarien aus der Ausbeute der Deutschen (1901–1903) und der Französischen Südpolar-Expedition. — Zool. Anz.54, 74–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pax, F., 1923. Antarktische Aktinien aus der Ausbeute des “Pourquoi pas”. — Zool. Jb. (System. Ökol. Geogr. Tiere)47, 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pax, F., 1926. Die Aktinien der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. — Dt. Südpolar-Exped. (Zool.)18, 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piola, A. R. & Georgi, D. T., 1982. Circumpolar properties of antarctic intermediate water and subantarctic mode water. — Deep Sea Res.29, 687–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizarro, N. J., 1967. Distribucion del oxigeno disuelto en la zona oeste de la convergencia subtropical de Atlantico sud. — Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S. Paulo16, 67–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, G. W., 1935. The Falkland species of the crustacean genusMunida. — Discovery Rep.10, 209–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. L., Nowlin, W. D. & Patzert, W. C., 1977. On the characteristics and circulation of the southwestern Atlantic ocean. — J. phys. Oceanogr.7, 62–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1969.Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie. — Veröff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven12, 169–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1973. Actiniaria des Südwestatlantik. I. Hormathiidae. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.15, 273–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1975a. Actiniaria des Südwestatlantik. II. Sagartiidae und Metridiidae. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.27, 70–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1975b. Actiniaria des Südwestatlantik. III.Calliactis androgyna sp. n. (Hormathiidae). — Veröff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven15, 387–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1976. A new type of larval development in the Actiniaria: Giant Larvae. Morphological and ecological aspects of larval development inActinostola spetsbergensis. In: Coelenterate ecology and behavior. Ed. by G. O. Mackie. Plenum Press, New York, 355–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1978. Actiniaria des Südwestatlantik. IV.Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig 1882) mit einer Diskussion verwandter Arten. — Veröff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven17, 65–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1979. Two disc-shaped deep-sea Anthozoa from the Gulf of Biscay, with a survey of adaptation types in the Actiniaria. — Zoomorphologie93, 227–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riemann-Zürneck, K., 1980. Actiniaria des Südwestatlantik. V.Bolocera, Isotealia, Isosicyonis (Actiniidae). — Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst.77, 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, A. & Newman, W. A., 1969. Cirripedia. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 30–32 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, G. T. & Menzies, R. J., 1969. Zonation of large benthic invertebrates in the deep-sea off the Carolinas. — Deep Sea Res.16, 531–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassaman, C. & Mangum, C., 1970. Patterns of temperature adaptation in North American coastal actinians. — Mar. Biol.7, 123–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scelzo, M. A., 1973. Lista de los crustaceos decapodos Anomura obtenidos en 1966 por el expedicion “Walther Herwig” en el Atlantico sur y depositados en las colecciones del Instituto de biologia marina. — Physis, B. Aires (A)32, 161–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemainda, R., 1980. Ergebnisse ozeanologischer Untersuchungen mit dem FFS “Ernst Haeckel” im Konvergenzgebiet von Brasil- und Falklandstrom im Juni/Juli 1978. — Beitr. Meeresk.44–45, 109–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlenz, E. & Belem, M. J., 1982. Primeira ocurrencia de um Discosomatidae no Brasil (Anthozoa, Corallimorpharia) com a redescricao deDiscosoma carlgreni (Watzl, 1922). — Revta bras. Zool. S. Paulo1, 11–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, H., 1974. On evolution in the Anthozoa. In: Proceedings of second international symposium on coral reefs. Ed. by A. E. Cameron & M. Campbell. The Great Barrier Reef Comm., Brisbane,1, 533–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, H. & Zissler, D., 1979. Die Spermien der Anthozoen und ihre phylogenetische Bedeutung. — Zoologica, Stuttg.44 (129), 1–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schöne, R., 1974. Cephalopoden des Südwestatlantik. Dipl.-Arb., Univ. Hamburg, 137 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schott, G., 1942. Geographie des Atlantischen Ozeans. Boysen, Hamburg, 438 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebens, K. P. & Paine, R. T., 1979. Biogeography of anthozoans along the west coast of South America: Habitat, disturbance, and prey availability. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on marine biogeography and evolution of the S. Hemisphere1, 219–237 (N.Z. DSIR Inf. Ser. 137).

  • Semenov, V. N., 1977. Biogeographical latitudinal-zonal nomenclature of coastal marine biota. — Oceanology17, 90–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semenov, V. N., 1978. Geographical distribution of benthos on the south American shelf as a function of the distribution of coastal waters. — Oceanology18, 90–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semenov, V. N. & Berman, I. S., 1977. Biogeographic aspects of the distribution and dynamics of water masses off the South American coast. — Oceanology17, 710–718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Servicio de Hidrografia Naval, 1974. Sedimentologia de la plataforma continental Argentina. Texturas. — Publ. Serv. Hidrografia Naval, B. AiresH. 669 (1), 24 Kt.

  • Shoup, C. S., 1932. Salinity of the medium and its effects on respiration in the sea anemone. — Ecology13, 81–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuntov, V. P., Kirlan, D. F., Batytskaya, L. V., Glebova, S. Y. & Kolesova, N. G., 1982. Geographical distribution of sea birds in connection with zonality of oceanological environments in the southern ocean. — Sov. J. mar. Biol.7, 342–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sievers, H. A. & Nowlin, W. D., 1984. The stratification and water masses at Drake Passage. — J. geophys. Res.89(C6), 10, 489-10, 514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, S. & Neshyba, S., 1977. Corrientes superficiales frente la costa austral de Chile. — Cienc. Tecnol. mar. Valparaiso3, 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soule, D. F. & Soule, J. D., 1979. Marine zoogeography and evolution of Bryozoa in the southern hemisphere. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on marine biogeography and evolution of the S. Hemisphere1, 43–82 (N.Z. DSIR Inf. Ser. 137).

  • Squires, D. F., 1969. Scleractinia. In: Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35°S latitude. Ed. by J. W. Hedgpeth. Am. Geogr. Soc., New York, 15–18 (Antarct. Map Folio Ser. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stehmann, M. & Lenz, W., 1972. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS “Walther Herwig” nach Südamerika XXVI. Systematik und Verbreitung der ArtengruppeSeriolella punctata (Schneider, 1801) sowie taxonomische Bemerkungen zu Hyperoglyphe (Osteichthyae Stromateoidei, Centrolophidae). — Arch. FischWiss.23, 197–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, T. A., 1918. Coelenterata. Pt. 1: Actiniaria. — Br. Antarct. Terra Nova Exped. 1910 (Zool.)5, 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuardo, J., 1964. Distribucion de los moluscos marinos litorales en Latinoamerica. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac., B. aires7, 79–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Studer, T., 1879. Zweite Abteilung der Anthozoa polyactinia, welche während der Reise S.M.S. Corvette “Gazelle” um die Erde gesammelt wurden. — Mber K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin1878, 542–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup, H. U., 1933. On vertical circulation in the ocean due to the action of the wind with application to conditions within the antarctic circumpolar current. — Discovery Rep.7, 139–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W. & Fleming, R. H., 1942. The oceans. Prentice Hall, New York, 1087 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taft, B. A., 1963. Distribution of salinity and dissolved oxygen in surfaces of uniform potential specific volume in the South Atlantic, South Pacific and Indian Ocean. — J. mar. Res.21, 129–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiel, M. E., 1935. Die Besiedlung des südatlantischen Ozeans mit Hydromedusen. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”12, 32–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tommasi, L. R., 1965. Faunistic provinces of the western South Atlantic littoral region (summary). — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37 (Suppl.), 261–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torti, M. R. & Boschi, E. E., 1973. Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de los crustaceos decapodos Caridea del generoCampylonotus Bate, 1888. — Physis, B. Aires (A)32, 65–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Totton, A. K. & Bargman, H. E., 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, 230 pp.

  • Vanucci, M., 1964. Zoogeografia marinha do Brasil. — Boln Inst. biol. mar. Univ. nac., B. Aires7, 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasquez, H., Retamales, P. B. & Rojas, M. C., 1980. Consideraciones biogeograficas y ecologicas de equinodermos arquibentonicos de Chile central (con excepcion de Crinoidea). — Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S. Paulo29, 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaz-Ferreira, R., 1965. Ecologia terrestre y marina des los Pinnipedios del Atlantico sudoccidental. — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37, 279–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittstock, R. & Zenk, W., 1983. Some current observations and surface T/S distribution from the Scotia Sea and the Bransfield Strait during early austral summer 1980/81. — Meteor Forsch. Ergebn. (A/B)24, 77–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooster, W. S. & Gilmartin, M., 1961. The Peru-Chile undercurrent. — J. mar. Res.19, 97–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wüst, G., 1957. Stromgeschwindigkeiten und Strommengen in den Tiefen des Atlantischen Ozeans. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”6 (1), 261–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wüst, G., 1965. Water masses and circulation in the western South Atlantic. — Anais Acad. bras. Cienc.37, 87–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wüst, G. & Defant, A., 1936. Atlas zur Schichtung und Zirkulation des Atlantischen Ozeans. — Wiss. Ergebn. dt. atlant. Exped. “Meteor”,6.

  • Zamponi, M. O., 1976. Emendation to family Sideractiidae Danielssen 1890 (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia) with the creation ofSphincteractis sanmatiensis gen. et sp. nov. — Physis, B. Aires (A)35, 127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamponi, M. O., 1982. Algunas larvas pelagicas de Anthozoa (Coelenterata). — Neotropica28, 171–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zenk, W., 1981. Detection of overflow events in the Shag Rock Passage, Scotia Ridge. — Science, N.Y.213, 1113–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zyryanov, V. N. & Severov, D. N., 1979. Water circulation in the Falkland-Patagonia region and its seasonal variation. — Oceanology19, 518–522.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Notkestr. 31, D-2000, Hamburg 52

    Karin Riemann-Zürneck

  2. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850, Bremerhaven, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Karin Riemann-Zürneck

Authors
  1. Karin Riemann-Zürneck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS “Walther Herwig” nach Südamerika Nr. 66

Mitglied der Taxonomischen Arbeitsgruppe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Riemann-Zürneck, K. Zur Biogeographie des Südwestatlantik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Helgolander Meeresunters 40, 91–149 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01987291

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01987291

Helgoland Marine Research

ISSN: 1438-3888

Contact us