- Fishes
- Published:
Vibrio diseases of marine fish populations
Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 37, pages 265–287 (1984)
Abstract
SeveralVibrio spp. cause disease in marine fish populations, both wild and cultured. The most common disease, vibriosis, is caused byV. anguillarum. However, increase in the intensity of mariculture, combined with continuing improvements in bacterial systematics, expands the list ofVibrio spp. that cause fish disease. The bacterial pathogens, species of fish affected, virulence mechanisms, and disease treatment and prevention are included as topics of emphasis in this review.
Literature cited
Agius, C., Horne, M. T. & Ward, P. D., 1983. Immunization of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson, against vibriosis: comparison of an extract antigen with whole cell bacterins by oral and intraperitoneal routes. — J. Fish Dis.6 129–134.
Akazawa, H., 1968. Bacterial disease of marine fishes. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.34 271–272.
Antipa, R., 1976. Field testing of injectedVibrio anguillarum bacterins in pen reared Pacific salmon. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.33 1291–1296.
Antipa, R. & Amend, D. F., 1977. Immunization of Pacific salmon: comparison of intraperitoneal injection and hyperosmotic infiltration ofVibrio anguillarum andAeromonas salmonicida bacterins. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.34 203–208.
Aoki, T. & Kitao, T., 1978. Vibriosis of ayu. — Fish Pathol.13 19–24.
Aoki, T., Jo, Y. & Egusa, S., 1980. Frequent occurrence of drug resistant bacteria in ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis) culture. — Fish Pathol.15 1–6.
Aoki, T., Kitao, T. & Kawano, K., 1981. Changes in drug resistance ofVibrio anguillarum in cultured ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, in Japan. — J. Fish Dis.4 223–230.
Aoki, T., Kitao, T., Fukudome, M., Takahashi, S. & Egusa, S., 1984. Modification of the hyperosmatic infiltration method of vaccination against vibriosis in cultured ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel. — J. Fish Dis.7 149–156.
Austin, B., 1982. Taxonomy of bacteria isolated from a coastal marine fish rearing unit. — J. appl. Bact.53 253–268.
Austin, B., Morgan, D. A. & Alderman, D. J., 1981. Comparison of antimicrobial agents for control of vibriosis in marine fish. — Aquaculture26 1–12.
Austin, B., Johnson, C. & Alderman, D. J., 1982. Evaluation of substituted quinolines for the control of vibriosis in turbot(Scophthalmus maximums). — Aquaculture29 227–239.
Belas, M. R. & Colwell, R. R., 1982a. Scanning and electron microscope observation of the swarming phenomenon inVibrio parahaemolyticus. — J. Bact.150 956–959.
Belas, M. R. & Colwell, R. R., 1982b. Adsorption kinetics of laterally flagellatedVibrio. — J. Bact.151 1568–1580.
Bergman, A. M., 1909. Die rote Beulenkrankheit des Aals. — Ber. K. bayer. biol. Vers.-Stn2 10–54.
Blake, P. A., Weaver, R. E. & Hollis, D. G., 1980. Diseases of humans (other than cholera) caused by vibrios. — A. Rev. Microbiol.34 341–367.
Bullock, G. L. & Stuckey, H. M., 1977. UV treatment of water for destruction of 5 gram-negative bacteria pathogenic to fishes. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.34 1244–1249.
Burke, J. & Rodgers, L., 1981. Identification of pathogenic bacteria associated with the occurrence of “red spot” in sea mullet,Mugil cephalus L., in south-eastern Queensland. — J. Fish Dis.4 153–159.
Canestrini, G., 1893. La malattia dominante delle anguille. — Atti Ist. veneto Sci.7 809–814.
Cheung, P. J. & Ruggieri, G. D., 1983.Dermophthirius nigrellii n. sp. (Monogenea: Microbothriidae), an ectoparasite from the skin of the lemon shark,Negaprion brevirostris. — Trans. Am. microsc. Soc.102 129–134.
Cheung, P. J., Nigrelli, R. F., Ruggieri, G. D. & Cilia, A., 1982. Treatment of skin lesions in captive lemon sharks,Negaprion brevirostris (Poey), caused by monogeneans (Dermophthirius sp.). — J. Fish Dis.5 167–170.
Colorni, A., Paperna, I. & Gordin, H., 1981. Bacterial infections in gilthead sea-bream(Sparus aurata) cultured at Elat, Israel. — Aquaculture23 257–268.
Colwell, R. R., 1983. Biotechnology in the marine sciences. — Science, N. Y.222 19–24.
Colwell, R. R., 1984. The industrial potential of marine biotechnology. — Oceanus27 3–12.
Crosa, J. H., 1979.Vibrio anguillarum: An iron uptake mechanism as a factor of virulence. — Fish Health News8 7–10.
Crosa, J. H., 1980. A plasmid associated with virulence in the marine fish pathogenVibrio anguillarum specifies an iron sequestering system. — Nature, Lond.284 566–568.
Crosa, J. H., Schiewe, M. H. & Falkow, S., 1977. Evidence for plasmid contribution to the virulence of the fish pathogenVibrio anguillarum. — Infect. Immun.18 509–513.
Crosa, J. H., Hodges, L. L. & Schiewe, M. H., 1980. Curing of a plasmid is correlated with an attenuation of virulence in the marine fish pathogenVibrio anguillarum. — Infect. Immun.27 897–902.
Crosa, J. H., Walter, M. A. & Potter, S. A., 1983. The genetics of plasmid-mediated virulence in the marine fish pathogenVibrio anguillarum. In: Bacterial and viral diseases of fish, molecular studies. Ed. by J. H. Crosa. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, 21–30.
Croy, T. R. & Amend, D. F., 1977. Immunization of sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka) against vibriosis using the hyperosmotic infiltration technique. — Aquaculture12 317–326.
Egidius, E. & Andersen, K., 1979. The use of Furanace against vibriosis in rainbow troutSalmo gairdneri Richardson in salt water. — J. Fish Dis.2 79–80.
Fluechter, J., 1979. Identification and treatment of diseases in the common sole(Solea solea). — Aquaculture16 271–274.
Franca, S. M. C., Gibbs, D. L., Samuels, P. & Johnson, W. D. Jr., 1980.Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Brazilian coastal waters. — J. Am. med. Ass.244 587–588.
Gauthier, M. J. & Clement, R., 1979. Experimental study of the transfer ofVibrio parahaemolyticus biotype 2 from water and sediments to organisms in benthic marine food chains. — Can. J. Microbiol.25 499–507.
Gilmore, A., 1977. Characteristics of marine vibrios isolated from fish farm tanks. — Aquaculture11 51–62.
Gjerde, J. & Boe, B., 1981. Isolation and characterization ofVibrio alginolyticus andVibrio parahaemolyticus from the Norwegian coastal environment. — Acta vet. scand.22 331–343.
Gosting, L., Mirando, D. M. & Gould, R. W., 1981. Antigen binding cells in the peripheral blood of sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka) induced by immersion or intraperitoneal injection ofVibrio anguillarum bacteria. — J. Fish Biol.19 83–86.
Gould, R. W., O'Leary, P. J., Garrison, R. L., Rohovec, J. S. & Fryer, J. L., 1978. Spray vaccination: A method for the immunization of fish. — Fish Pathol.13 63–68.
Gould, R. W., Antipa, R. & Amend, D. F., 1979. Immersion vaccination of sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka) with two pathogenic strains ofVibrio anguillarum. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.36 220–225.
Grimes, D. J., Stemmler, J., Hada, H., May, E. B., Maneval, D., Hetrick, F. M., Jones, R. T., Stoskopf, M. & Colwell, R. R., 1984a.Vibrio species associated with mortality of sharks held in captivity. — Microb. Ecol.10 (In press).
Grimes, D. J., Cowell, R. R., Stemmler, J., Hada, H., Maneval, D., Hetrick, F. M., May, E. B., Jones, R. T. & Stoskopf, M., 1984b.Vibrio species as agents of elasmobranch disease. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.37 309–315.
Grimes, D. J., Gruber, S. H. & May, E. B., 1984c. Experimental infection of lemon sharks,Negaprion brevirostris, withVibrio species. — J. Fish Dis. (Submitted).
Hada, H. S. & Sizemore, R. K., 1981. Incidence of plasmids in marineVibrio spp. isolated from an oil field in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.41 199–202.
Hamid, A., Sakata, T. & Kakimoto, D., 1978. Microflora in the alimentary tract of gray mullet. Part 2. A comparison of the mullet intestinal microflora in fresh water and sea water. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.44 53–58.
Hamid, A., Sakata, T. & Kakimoto, D., 1979. Microflora in the alimentary tract of gray mullet. Part 4. Estimatio of enzymic activities of the intestinal bacteria. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.45 99–106.
Harrell, L. W., Novotny, A. J., Schiewe, M. H. & Hodgins, H. O., 1976. Isolation and description of two vibrios pathogenic to Pacific salmon in Puget Sound, Washington. — Fish. Bull. U. S.74 447–449.
Hastings, J. W. & Nealson, K. H., 1977. Bacterial bioluminescence. — A. Rev. Microbiol.31 549–595.
Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, S., Kamata, T. & Ozaki, H., 1964. Studies on the vibrio disease of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri irideus) II. Prophylactic vaccination against the vibrio disease. — J. Fac. Fish., pref. Univ. Mie.6 181–191.
Haygood, M. G. & Nealson, K. H., 1984. Effects of iron on bacterial growth and luminescence: Ecological implications. In: Current perspectives in microbial ecology. Ed. by M. J. Klug & A. Reddy. Amer. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, D.C., 56–61.
Hetrick, F. M., Hall, L. W. Jr., Wolski, S., Graves, W. C., Roberson, B. S. & Burton, D. T., 1984. Effect of exposure of striped bass(Morone saxatilis) to chlorine on their susceptibility toVibrio anguillarum. — Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. (In press).
Hiratsuka, M., Saitoh, Y. & Yamane, N., 1980. Isolation ofVibrio alginolyticus from a patient with acute enterocolitis. — Tohoku J. exp. Med.132 469–472.
Hoornbeek, F. K., Sawyer, P. J. & Sawyer, E. S., 1982. Growth of winter flounderPseudopleuronectes americanus and smooth flounderLiopsetta putnami in heated and unheated water. — Aquaculture28 363–374.
Horne, M. T., 1982. The pathogenicity ofVibrio anguillarum (Bergman). In: Microbial disease of fish. Ed. by R. J. Roberts. Acad. Press, New York, 171–187.
Horne, M. T. & Baxendale, A., 1983. The adhesion ofVibrio anguillarum to host tissues and its role in pathogenesis. — J. Fish Dis.6 461–471.
Horne, M. T., Richards, R. H., Roberts, R. J. & Smith, P. C., 1977. Per acute vibriosis in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). — J. Fish Biol.11 355–362.
Horne, M. T., Tatner, M., McDerment, S., Agius, C. & Ward, P., 1982. Vaccination of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson, at low temperatures and the long-term persistence of protection. — J. Fish Dis.5 343–345.
Horne, M. T., Roberts, R. J., Tatner, M. & Ward, P., 1984. The effects of the use of potassium alum adjuvant in vaccines against vibriosis in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson. — J. Fish Dis.7 91–99.
Huq, A., Small, E. B., West, P. A., Huq, M. I., Rahman, R. & Colwell, R. R., 1983. Ecological relationships betweenVibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.45 275–283.
Itami, T. & Kusuda, R., 1978. Efficacy of a vaccination by spray administration against vibriosis in cultured ayu. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.44 1413–1414.
Itami, T. & Kusuda, R., 1980a. Studies on spray vaccination against vibriosis in cultured ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). 1. Effect of bentonite and pH on vaccination efficacy. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.46 533–536.
Itami, T. & Kusuda, R., 1980b. Studies on spray vaccination against vibriosis in cultured ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). 2. Duration of vaccination efficacy and effect of different vaccine preparations. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.46 699–704.
Iwata, K., Yanohara, Y. & Ishibashi, O., 1978. Studies on factors related to mortality of young red sea-bream(Pagrus major) in the artifical seed production. — Fish Pathol.13 97–102.
Jensen, N. J. & Larsen, J. L., 1982. The ulcus syndrome in codGadus morhua. 4. Transmission experiments with 2 viruses isolated from cod andVibrio anguillarum. — Nord. VetMed.34 136–142.
Jo, Y. & Muroga, K., 1977. Studies on vibriosis in ayu. Part 1. Virulence of a culture ofVibrio anguillarum. — Fish Pathol.12 151–156.
Johnson, K. A., Flynn, J. K. & Amend, D. F., 1982a. Onset of immunity in salmonid fry vaccinated by direct immersion inVibrio anguillarum andYersinia ruckeri bacterins. — J. Fish Dis.5, 197–206.
Johnson, K. A., Flynn, J. K. & Amend, D. F., 1982b. Duration of immunity in salmonids vaccinated by direct immersion withYersinia ruckeri andVibrio anguillarum bacterins. — J. Fish Dis.5, 207–214.
Joseph, S. W., Colwell, R. R. & Kaper, J. B., 1982.Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related halophilicc vibrios. — CRC crit. Rev. Microbiol.10, 77–124.
Kakimoto, D. & Mowlah, A. H., 1980. Microflora in the alimentary tract of gray mullet(Mugil cephalus). 8. Utilization of amino acids byVibrio andEnterobacter isolates. — Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ.29, 349–354.
Kanai, K., Wakabayashi, H. & Egusa, S., 1977. Comparison of intestinal microflora between healthy and diseased pond cultured eels. — Fish Pathol.12, 199–204.
Kaneko, T. & Colwell, R. R., 1978. The annual cycle ofVibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay. — Microb. Ecol.4, 135–155.
Kawai, K. & Kusuda, R., 1981. Mechanisms of protection in ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis) orally vaccinated for vibriosis. 1. Protection activity in body surface mucus. — Fish Pathol.16, 1–8.
Kawai, K., Kusuda, R. & Itami, T., 1981. Mechanisms of protection in ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis) orally vaccinated for vibriosis. — Fish Pathol.15, 257–262.
Keck, P. E., Gottlieb, S. F. & Conley, J., 1980. Interaction of increased pressures of oxygen and sulfonamides on thein vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria. — Undersea biomed. Res.7, 95–106.
Khan, R. A., Campbell, J. & Lear, H., 1981. Mortality in captive Atlantic codGadus morhua associated with fin rot disease. — J. Wildl. Dis.17, 521–528.
Kimura, T., Yoshimizu, M. & Wada, M., 1983.In vitro antibacterial activity of the combination of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on bacterial fish pathogens. — J. Fish Dis.6, 525–532.
Krantz, G. E., Reddecliff, J. M. & Heist, C. E., 1963. Development of antibodies againstAeromonas salmonicida in tout. — J. Immun.91, 757–760.
Kreger, A. S., 1984. Cytolytic activity and virulence ofVibrio damsela. — Infect. Immun.44, 326–331.
Kusuda, R., Kawai, K., Jo, Y., Akizuki, T., Fukunaga M. & Kotake, N., 1978. Efficacy of oral vaccination for vibriosis in cultured ayu. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.44, 21–26.
Kusuda, R., Sako, H. & Kawai, K., 1979. Classification of vibrios isolated from diseased fishes. Part 1. On the morphological and biochemical properties. — Fish Pathol.13, 123–138.
Kusuda, R., Kawai, K. & Itami, T., (1980). Efficacy of bath immunization against vibriosis in cultured ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.46, 1053.
Kusuda, R., Sugiyama, A., Kawai, K., Inada, Y. & Yoneda, M., 1981. Pathogenicity ofStreptococcus sp. andVibrio anguillarum in cultured ayu. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.47, 993–998.
Lall, R., Sen, D., Saha, M. R., Bose, A. K., De, S. P., Palchowdhury, N. C. & Pal, S. C., 1979. Prevalence ofVibrio parahaemolyticus in Port-Blair, India. — Indian J. med. Res.69, 217–221.
Lannan, J. E., 1978. Vibriosis vaccination of chum salmon by hyperosmotic infiltration. — Progve Fish Cult.40, 43–45.
Larsen, J. L., Jensen, N. J. & Christensen, N. D., 1978. Water pollution and the ulcer syndrome in the codGadus morhua. — Vet. Sci. Commun.2, 207–216.
Lhuillier, M., 1977.Vibrio parahaemolyticus andVibrio alginolyticus isolation, diagnosis and epidemiology: 74 strains isolated in Madagascar. — Archs Inst. Pasteur Madagascar45, 27–50.
Long, S., Mothibeli, M. A., Robb, F. T. & Woods, D. R., 1981. Regulation of extracellular alkaline protease activity by histidine in a collagenolyticVibrio alginolyticus strain. — J. gen. Microbiol.127, 193–199.
Love, M., Teebken-Fisher, D., Hose, J. E., Farmer III, J. J., Hickman, F. W. & Fanning, G. R., 1981.Vibrio damsela, a marine bacterium, causes skin ulcers on the damselfishChromis punctipinnis. — Science, N. Y.214, 1139–1140.
MacMillan, J. R., Mulchay, D. & Landolt, M., 1980. Viral erythrocytic necrosis. Some physiological consequences of infection in chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta). — Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci.37, 399–804.
Merkel, J. R. & Dreisbach, J. H., 1978. Purification and characterization of a marine bacterial collagenase. — Biochemistry17, 2857–2863.
Minchew, C. D. & Yarbrough, J. D., 1977. The occurrence of fin rot in mullet(Mugil cephalus) associated with crude oil contamination of an estuarine pond ecosystem. — J. Fish Biol.10, 319–323.
Miyazaki, T., Jo, Y., Kubota, S. S. & Egusa, S., 1977. Histopathological studies on vibriosis of the Japanese eelAnguilla japonica. Part 1. Natural infection. — Fish Pathol.12, 163–170.
Munn, C. B., 1978. Haemolysin production byVibrio anguillarum. — FEMS Microbiol. Lett.3, 265–268.
Muroga, K., 1979. Ulcer disease of akame (Mugilidae) in the estuary of the river Ashida, Japan. — Fish Pathol.13, 163–168.
Muroga, K., Jo, Y. & Nishibuchi, M., 1976.Vibrio anguillarum isolated from the European eelAnguilla anguilla cultured in Japan. — J. Fac. Fish Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ.15, 29–34.
Muroga, K., Yoneyama, N. & Jo, Y., 1979a. Vibriostatic agent resistantVibrio anguillarum isolated from ayu. — Fish Pathol.13, 159–162.
Muroga, K., Takahashi, S., Yamanoi, H. & Nishibuchi, M., 1979b. Noncholera vibrioVibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased ayuPlecoglossus altivelis. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.45, 829–834.
Nair, G. B., Abraham, M. & Natarajan, R., 1980. Distribution ofVibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish harvested from Porto Novo (S. India) environs: a seasonal study. — Can. J. Microbiol.26, 1264–1269.
Nakajima, M. & Chikahata, H., 1979. Efficiency of oral and hyperosmotic vaccinations for vibriosis in ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). — Fish Pathol.14, 9–14.
Natarajan, R., Abraham, M. & Nair, G. B., 1980. Distribution ofVibrio parahaemolyticus in the Porto-Novo, India environment. — Indian J. med. Res.71, 679–687.
Nishibuchi, M., Muroga, K., Seidler, R. J. & Fryer, J. L., 1979. PathogenicVibrio isolated from cultured eels. IV. Deoxyribonucleic acid studies. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.45, 1469–1473.
Nishibuchi, M., Muroga, K. & Jo, Y., 1980. PathogenicVibrio isolated from cultured eels. 6. Diagnostic tests for the disease due to present bacterium. — Fish Pathol.14, 125–132.
Novitsky, J. A. & Morita, R. Y., 1976. Morphological characterization of small cells resulting from nutrient starvation of a psychrophilic marineVibrio — Appl. environ. Microbiol.32, 617–622.
Oliver, J. D., Warner, R. A. & Cleland, D. R., 1983. Distribution ofVibrio vulnificus and other lactose-fermenting vibrios in the marine environment. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.45, 985–998.
Ortiz, J. S. & Decker, D. L., 1976. Demonstration of agglutinating antibodies againstVibrio parahaemolyticus in the yellowtail flounder,Limanda ferruginea. — Health Lab. Sci.13, 197–202.
Qadri, R. B. & Zuberi, R., 1977. Survey on the occurrence ofVibrio parahaemolyticus andVibrio alginolyticus in fish and shellfish from the Karachi, Pakistan coastal waters. — Pakist. J. scient. ind. Res.20, 183–187.
Roberson, B. S., 1981. Detection of fish antibody by thin-layer ELISA. — Devs biol. Stand.49, 113–118.
Roberson, B. S., Wolski, S. & Hetrick, F. M., 1982. Anti-Vibrio anguillarum antibody among striped bass(Morone saxatilis) following injection with viable bacteria, or ambient exposure to isolated 0-antigen or environmental vibrios. — Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology82, 33 (B91).
Roberts, R. J. (Ed.), 1982. Microbial diseases of fish. Acad. Press, New York, 305 pp.
Robohm, R. A., Brown, C. & Murchelano, R. A., 1979. Comparison of antibodies in marine fish from clean and polluted waters of the New York Bight: Relative levels against 36 bacteria. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.38, 248–257.
Rodsaether, M. C., Olafsen, J., Rea, J., Myhre, K. & Steen, J. B. 1977. Copper as an initiating factor of vibriosis(Vibrio anguillarum) in eel(Anguilla anguilla). — J. Fish Biol.10, 17–21.
Ruby, E. G., Greenberg, E. P. & Hastings, J. W., 1980. Planktonic marine luminous bacteria: species distribution in the water column. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.39, 302–306.
Sakazaki, R., Iwanami, S. & Fukumi, H., 1963. Studies on the enteropathogenic facultatively halophilic bacteria,Vibrio parahaemolyticus. — Jap. J. med. Sci. Biol.16, 161–168.
Sako, H. & Kusuda, R., 1978. Chemotherapeutical studies on trimethoprim against vibriosis of pond cultured ayu. Part 1. Microbiological evaluation of trimethoprim and sulfonamides on the causative agent,Vibrio anguillarum. — Fish Pathol.13, 91–96.
Sako, H., Kusuda, R. & Tabata, T., 1979. Chemotherapeutical studies on trimethoprim against vibriosis of pond cultured ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis). 2. Tissue levels after administration of trimethoprim-sulfadoxine mixture. — Fish Pathol.14, 65–70.
Sawyer, E. S. & Strout, R. G., 1977. Survival and growth of vaccinated, medicated and untreated coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed toVibrio anguillarum. — Aquaculture10, 311–315.
Sawyer, E. S., Strout, R. G. & Coutermarsh, B. A., 1979. Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic(Salmo salar) and coho(Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon to 3 strains ofVibrio anguillarum from the Maine-New Hampshire coast. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.36, 280–282.
Schmidt, U., Chmel, H. & Cobbs, C., 1979.Vibrio alginolyticus infections in humans. — J. clin. Microbiol.10, 666–668.
Schiewe, M. H., 1983.Vibrio ordalii as a cause of vibriosis in salmonid fish. In: Bacterial and viral diseases of fish, molecular studies. Ed. by J. H. Crosa. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, 31–40.
Schiewe, M. H. & Crosa, J. H., 1981. Molecular characterization ofVibrio anguillarum biotype 2. — Can. J. Microbiol.27, 1011–1018.
Schiewe, M. H., Trust, T. J. & Crosa, J. H., 1981.Vibrio ordalii sp. nov.: a causative agent of vibriosis in fish. — Curr. Microbiol.6, 343–348.
Sindermann, C. J., 1970. Principal diseases of marine fish and shellfish. Acad. Press, New York, 369 pp.
Singleton, F. L., Attwell, R., Jangi, S. & Colwell, R. R., 1982. Effects of temperature and salinity onVibrio cholerae growth. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.44, 1047–1058.
Smith, G. C. & Merkel, J. R., 1982. Collagenolytic activity ofVibrio vulnificus: Potential contribution to its invasiveness. — Infect. Immun.35, 1155–1156.
Snieszko, S. F. & Friddle, S. B., 1949. Prophylaxis of furunculosis in brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis) by oral immunization and sulfamerazine. — Progve Fish Cult.11, 161–168.
Snieszko, S. F., Griffin, P. J. & Friddle, S. B., 1952. Antibiotic treatment of ulcer disease and furunculosis in trout. — Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf.17, 197–213.
Strusiewicz, B. & Serban, D., 1980. The enterotoxicity of nonagglutinating vibrios. — Rev. Ig. Bacteriol. Virusol. Parazitol. Epidemiol. Pneumoftiziol. (Ser. Bacteriol. Virusol. Parazitol. Epidermiol.)28, 215–218.
Strusiewicz, B., Cvasniuc, D., Florian, V., Cvasniuc, T. & Busca, M., 1980. Nonagglutinating vibrios, etiologic agents of diarrheic disease: Their presence and dissemination in the external environment. — Rev. Ig. Bacteriol. Virusol. Parazitol. Epidemiol. Pneumoftiziol. (Ser. Ig.)29, 135–140.
Szeness, L., Sey, L. & Szeness, A., 1979. Bacteriological studies of the intestinal content of aquatic birds, fishes, and frogs with special reference to the presence of noncholera vibrios. — Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde Infektionskr. Hyg. (Abt. 1, Orig., R. A.: Med. Mikrobiol. Parasitol.)245, 89–95.
Tajima, K., Yoshimizu, M., Ezura, Y. & Kimura, T., 1981. Causative organisms of vibriosis among pen cultured coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Japan. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.47, 35–42.
Takeji, S., Susumu, I., Shiteru, M. & Akira, G., 1981. Immersion and oral bacterins used in combination to immunize ayu(Plecoglossus altivelis) against vibriosis. — Devs biol. Stand.49, 461–462.
Tashiro, F., Morikawa, S., Motonishi, A., Sanjo, I., Kimura, N., Inoue, K., Nomura, T., Ushiyama, M. & Jo, Y., 1979. Chemotherapy of fish diseases with piromidic acid. 2. Its clinical studies against bacterial infections in cultured salmonids and eels(Anguilla japonica). — Fish Pathol.14, 93–101.
Tison, D. L., Nishibuchi, M., Greenwood, J. D. & Seidler, R. J., 1982.Vibrio vulnificus. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.44, 640–646.
Toranzo, A. E., Barja, J. L., Colwell, R. R. & Hetrick, F. M., 1983a. Characterization of plasmids in bacterial fish pathogens. — Infect. Immun.39, 184–192.
Toranzo, A. E., Barja, J. L., Potter, S. A., Colwell, R. R., Hetrick, F. M. & Crosa, J. H., 1983b. Molecular factors associated with virulence of marine vibrios isolated from striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. — Infect. Immun.39, 1220–1227.
Toranzo, A. E., Barja, J. L., Colwell, R. R., Hetrick, F. M. & Crosa, J. H., 1983c. Hemagglutinating, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities ofVibrio anguillarum and related vibrios isolated from striped bass on the Atlantic Coast. — FEMS Microbiol. Lett.18, 257–262.
Trust, T. J., Courtice, I. D., Khouri, A. G., Crosa, J. H. & Schiewe, M. H., 1981. Serum resistence and hemagglutination ability of marine vibrios pathogenic for fish. — Infect. Immun.34, 702–707.
Watkins, W. D., Wolke, R. E. & Cabelli, V. J., 1981. Pathogenicity ofVibrio anguillarum for juvenile winter flounder,Pseudopleuronectes americanus. — Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci.38, 1045–1051.
West, P. A. & Colwell, R. R., 1984. Identification and classification of Vibrionaceae — an overview. In: Vibrios in the environment. Ed. by R. R. Clowell. Wiley, New York, 285–363.
Williams, S. F. & Caldwell, R. S., 1978. Growth, food conversion, and survival of 0 group English sole(Parophrys vetulus) at 5 temperatures and 5 rations. — Aquaculture15, 129–140.
Xu, H.-S., Roberts, N., Singleton, F. L., Attwell, R. W., Grimes, D. J. & Colwell, R. R., 1982. Survival and viability of nonculturableEscherichia coli andVibrio cholerae in the estuarine and marine environment. — Microb. Ecol.8, 313–323.
Yamanoi, H., Muroga, K. & Takahashi, S., 1980. Physiological characteristics and pathogenicity of NAG vibrio isolated from diseased ayu. — Fish Pathol.15, 69–73.
Yasunaga, N. & Yamamoto, N., 1977. Characteristics of bacterial strains isolated from so-called vibriosis of cultured red sea-bream in the winter of 1977. — Fish Pathol.12, 209–214.
Yetinson, T. & Shilo, M., 1979. Seasonal and geographic distribution of luminous bacteria in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Elat. — Appl. environ. Microbiol.37, 1230–1238.
Yoshimizu, M., Kimura, T., & Sakai, M., 1976a. Studies on the intestinal microflora of salmonids. Part 2. Effects of artificial transplanting from fresh water into sea water on the intestinal microflora of feeding and nonfeeding fish. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.42, 863–873.
Yoshimizu, M., Kimura, T. & Sakai, M., 1976b. Studies on the intestinal microflora of salmonids. Part 3. The intestinal microflora of salmon living in the open sea. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.42, 875–884.
Yoshimizu, M., Kimura, T. & Sakai, M., 1976c. Studies on the intestinal microflora of salmonids. Part 5. The intestinal microflora of the anadromous salmon. — Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish.42, 1291–1298.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Colwell, R.R., Grimes, D.J. Vibrio diseases of marine fish populations. Helgolander Meeresunters 37, 265–287 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01989311
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01989311