Skip to main content
  • Published:

Laboratory experiments on the larval development ofHyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae)

Abstract

Experiments have been carried out on the duration of larval development of the spider crabHyas araneus L., in relation to temperature, food quality, and individual variation. A graphical model is presented which predicts larval occurrence and settlement in the field (Helgoland waters, North Sea). Preliminary observations are reported on predator-prey interactions with larvae of the spionid polychaetePolydora ciliata. Cannibalism and necrophagy during starvation experiments with zooplankton are considered: In larvae which are not kept in individual confinement, maximum survival time doubles due to feeding on living or dead sibling larvae. Analyses are presented revealing elemental and biochemical composition of starved and fed larvae as well as energy equivalents calculated from these data. During starvation, early larvae lose carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Their main metabolic substrate is protein; lipid is utilized to a much lesser extent. Exoskeleton formation is, apparently, independent of nutrition: Zoea-1 larvae starved for 8 days contain the same amount of chitin as larvae fed well over this period of time. Energy calculations suggest an extremely low respiration rate and a very effective reconstruction of body material in starved larvae.

Literature Cited

  • Beers, J. R., 1966. Studies on the chemical composition of the major zooplankton groups in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Limnol. Oceanogr.11, 520–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 1978. Jahresbericht 1977, 66–79.

  • Brick, R. W., 1974. Effects of water quality, antibiotics, phytoplankton and food on survival and development of larvae ofScylla serrata (Crustacea: Portunidae). Aquaculture3, 231–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Childress, J. J. & Nygaard, M., 1974. Chemical composition and buoyancy of midwater crustaceans as function of depth of occurrence off Southern California. Mar. Biol.27, 225–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, M. E., 1971. Larval development ofHyas araneus (Linnaeus) with and without antibiotics (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae). Crustaceana21, 307–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1973. The complete larval development ofHyas araneus (Linnaeus) andHyas coarctatus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) reared in the laboratory. Norw. J. Zool.21, 63–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • — & Yang, W. T., 1976. Feeding experiments on the larvae of the fiddler crabUca pugilator (Brachyura, Ocipodidae), reared in the laboratory. Aquaculture8, 91–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conover, R. J., 1978. Transformation of organic matter. In: Marine ecology Ed. by O. Kinne. Wiley Interscience, Chichester,4, 221–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, K. W. & Wuycheck, J. C., 1971. Caloric equivalents for investigations in ecological energetics. Mitt. int. Verein. theor. angew. Limnol.18, 1–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daro, M. H. & Polk, P., 1973. The autecology ofPolydora ciliata along the Belgian Coast. Neth. J. Sea Res.6, 130–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, W., 1977. Interspecific interactions: The analysis of complex structures in carnivorous zooplankton populations. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.30, 83–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • — & Parsons, T. R., 1977. Photosynthesis and fish production: Hypothetical effects of climatic change and pollution. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.30, 666–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallegraeff, G. M., 1978. Caloric content and elementary composition of seston of three Dutch freshwater lakes. Arch. Hydrobiol.83, 80–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, G., 1974. Summing up of the Symposium on the early life history of fish. In: The early life history of fish. Ed. by J. H. S. Blaxter Springer, Berlin, 755–759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T., 1971. Changes in respiration rate and in composition of organic matter inCalanus cristatus (Crustacea Copepoda) under starvation. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ.21, 280–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1974. Nutritional ecology of marine zooplankton. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ.22, 1–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1977. The effect of laboratory conditions on the extrapolation of experimental measurements to the ecology of marine zooplankton. IV. Changes in respiration and excretion rates of boreal zooplankton species maintained under fed and starved conditions. Mar. Biol.,41, 241–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kersting, K., 1972. A nitrogen correction for caloric values. Limnol. Oceanogr.17, 643–644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinne, O., 1977. Research cultivation. In: Marine ecology. Ed. by O. Kinne. Wiley-Interscience, Chichester,3, 579–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landry, M. R., 1977. A review of important concepts in the trophic organization of pelagic ecosystems. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.30, 8–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. M., 1976. Patterns of lipid storage in post-metamorphic marine invertebrates. Am. Zool.16, 747–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayzaud, P., 1973. Respiration and nitrogen excretion of zooplankton. II. Studies of the metabolic characteristics of starved animals. Mar. Biol.21, 19–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, 1976. Respiration and nitrogen excretion of zooplankton. IV. The influence of starvation on the metabolism and the biochemical composition of some species. Mar. Biol.37, 47–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omori, M. 1969. Weight and chemical composition of the major zooplankton in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biol.3, 4–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Platt, T., Brawn, V. M. & Irwin, B., 1969. Caloric and carbon equivalents of zooplankton biomass. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.26, 2345–2349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raymont, J. E. G., Austin, J. & Linford, E., 1964. Biochemical studies on marine zooplankton. I. The biochemical composition ofNeomysis integer. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer28, 354–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, Srinivasagam, R. T. & Raymont, J. K. B., 1969. Biochemical studies on marine zooplankton. VII. Observations on certain deep sea zooplankton. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol.54, 357–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1971. Biochemical studies on marine zooplankton. IX. The biochemical composition ofEuphausia superba. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K.51, 581–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinke, H. & Hertling, H., 1937. Über die chemische Zusammensetzung einiger Bodentiere der Nord-und Ostsee und ihre Heizwertbestimmung. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.1, 112–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salonen, K., Sarvala, J., Hakala, I. & Viljanen, M.-L., 1976. The relation of energy and organic carbon in aquatic invertebrates. Limnol. Oceanogr.21, 724–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schriever, G., 1976.Hyas araneus Linne undStenorbynchus seticornis Herbst. Zur Biologie, Ökologie und Ethologie der Familie Majidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). Diss., Univ. Kiel, 99 pp.

  • Sulkin, S. D., 1975. The significance of diet in the growth and development of larvae of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, under laboratory conditions. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.20, 119–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, Branscomb, E. S., & Miller, R.E., 1976. Induced winter spawning and culture of larae of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Aquaculture,8, 103–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — & Epifanio, C. E., 1975. Comparison of rotifers and other diets for rearing early larvae of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci.3, 109–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, & Norman, K., 1976. A comparison of two diets in the laboratory culture of the zoeal stages of the brachyuran crabsRhithropanopeus harrisii andNeopanope sp. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.28, 183–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, G. W., Schaaf, W. E., Angelovic, J. W. & La Croix, M. W., 1972. Caloric measurements of some estuarine organisms. Fish. Bull. U.S.71, 289–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, A. P., 1953. The elementary chemical composition of marine organisms. Sears Found. for Mar. Res., Yale Univ., New Haven, 647 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel, H.-P., 1978. Temperature and salinity observations from Helgoland Reede in 1976. Annls biol., Copenh.33, 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winberg, G. G., (Ed.) 1971. Methods for the estimation of production of aquatic animals. Acad. Press London, 175 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Contribution to research project “Experimentelle Marine Ökosystemanalyse” sponsored by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Grant No. MFU-0328/1)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anger, K., Nair, K.K.C. Laboratory experiments on the larval development ofHyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae). Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 32, 36–54 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02189891

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02189891

Keywords