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Influence of salinity and cadmium on the volume of Pacific herring eggs

Abstract

Changes in total volume and volume of the yolk and perivitelline space of Pacific herring eggs were examined throughout incubation at 5°C in relation to salinity of the incubation medium (5, 20, 35‰ S), and after exposure to cadmium (0.05–10 ppm Cd) at 20‰ S. After fertilization and filling of the perivitelline space there was a decline in total egg volume in all salinities until 60–80 hr after fertilization. There followed a period of relative stability of total volume (100–240 hr), then a slow decline until hatching (240–618 hr). There was an inverse relation, between egg volume and salinity at all stages of egg development. Eggs transferred from 20‰ to 5 or 35‰ S, 87.4 hr after fertilization (90% blastodermal overgrowth of the yolk), showed only minor changes in total egg volume within the period of relative stability (100–240 hr). Prior to 80 hr, changes in egg volume appeared primarily to be simpleadjustments to prevailing osmotic and ionic conditions, modified, however, by presumed irreversible changes induced in the egg in relation to salinity experience at, and shortly after, fertilization. Subsequently, between 80–100 hr, egg volume appears to becomeregulated, commencing in the interval between late blastodermal overgrowth and blastopore closure. Yolk volume declined after fertilization, reached a minimum 40–60 hr after fertilization, increased to 100 hr, then decreased in the period of relative stability of total volume — presumably in relation to rapid growth of the embryo. In the latter period, yolk volume appeared resistant to change when eggs are transferred from 20 ‰ to 5 or 35 ‰ S, 87.4 hr, after fertilization. Volume of the perivitelline space reached a maximum after fertilization, then decreased until about 100 hr; between 100 and 240 hr it increased rapidly and was influenced only in a minor way by salinity changes in the incubation medium 87.4 hr after fertilization. Eggs exposed to cadmium in the interval between 1/2 and 30 hr after fertilization showed major reductions in total egg volume; total volume in the period of relative stability (100–240 hr) was much reduced and normal volume was not recovered after removal of such eggs to uncontaminated water at 30 hr.

Zusammenfassung

Unter dem Einfluß verschiedener Salzgehalte und Cadmium-Konzentrationen wurden im Verlauf der Inkubationszeit die Volumenänderungen der Eier, des Dotters und des perivitellinen Raumes untersucht. Unmittelbar nach der Befruchtung beginnt die Bildung des perivitellinen Raumes, die bei 5 °C nach etwa 6 bis 11 h abgeschlossen ist. Dieser Vorgang erfolgt in hohen Salzgehalten schneller. Nach der anfänglichen Wasseraufnahme verringert sich das Eivolumen im Verlauf von 60 bis 80 h der Inkubations-zeit leicht, bleibt jedoch im Zeitraum zwischen 100 und 240 h nach der Befruchtung weitgehend stabil, um danach weiter geringfügig abzunehmen. Die Periode relativ stabiler Volumina fällt mit dem Einsetzen der Osmoregulation der Eier zusammen. Das Dottervolumen erreicht etwa 40–60 h nach der Befruchtung ein erstes Minimum, schwillt dann bis zu einem Embryoalter von etwa 100 h vorübergehend leicht an, um dann bis zum Schlupfzeitpunkt kontinuierlich abzunehmen. Der perivitelline Raum verändert nach der anfänglichen Wasseraufnahme sein Volumen ständig. Ein erstes Maximum wird nach 20–30 h Inkubationszeit erreicht. Das zweite Volumen-Maximum tritt nach etwa 350 h Entwicklungsdauer auf. Eine Überführung der Eier in verschiedene Salzgehalte im Embryoalter von etwa 87 h ergab keine nennenswerten volumensänderungen. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß das Eivolumen während der Bildung des perivitellinen Raumes weitgehend festgelegt wird. Eine Exposition der Eier gegenüber Cd während der ersten 30 h der Inkubationszeit hatte in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration eine erhebliche Volumenminderung zur Folge. Diese Reduktion der Eigröße war irreversibel.

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Prepared under the auspices of the Canadian-German Scientific and Technical Cooperation Agreement (Contribution No. 7).

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Alderdice, D.F., Rosenthal, H. & Velsen, F.P.J. Influence of salinity and cadmium on the volume of Pacific herring eggs. Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters 32, 163–178 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02189895

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