Skip to main content
  • Published:

The importance of gobies (Gobiidae, Teleostei) as hosts and transmitters of parasites in the SW Baltic

Abstract

The parasite fauna of five goby species (Gobiidae, Teleostei) was investigated in the Baltic Sea during the period 1987 to 1990. 13 parasite species were found in samples from the Lübeck Bight:Bothriocephalus scorpii, Schistocephalus sp. (Cestoda);Cryptocotyle concavum, Cryptocotyle lingua, Podocotyle atomon, Derogenes varicus (Digenea);Hysterothylacium sp. (cf.auctum),Contracaecum sp.,Anisakis simplex (Nematoda);Corynosoma sp.,Echinorhynchus gadi, Neoechinorhynchus rutili, Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala). The number of parasite species were: 10 in the sand gobyPomatoschistus minutus, 8 in the black gobyGobius niger, 7 in the two-spotted gobyGobiusculus flavescens, 6 in the common gobyPomatoschistus microps, and 5 in the painted gobyPomatoschistus pictus. Neoechinorhynchus rutili occurred only inP. minutus, andCorynosoma sp. only inG. niger. The extent to which the gobies were parasitized clearly depended on the respective ways of life and, moreover, on the kind of prey ingested by the hosts. Additionally, the age of the hosts might be important. The highest rate of parasitism, more than 60%, was reached byHysterothylacium sp. inG. niger and byCryptocotyle concavum inP. microps. Infestation incidence lay mostly below 40% which means a satellite species status (Holmes, 1991). The number of parasite species was highest in summer; the highest intensities of single parasites occurred in spring (Podocotyle atomon) or autumn (Crytocotyle concavum).Bothriocephalus scorpii, Hysterothylacium sp. andPodocotyle infested their juvenile hosts very early, but onlyHysterothylacium was accumulated byG. niger during its whole life span, whereasBothriocephalus persisted also in older gobies in low intensities. The cercariae ofCryptocotyle spp. penetrate actively into their hosts; all the other parasites named were transmitted in larval form by prey organisms which consisted mainly of planktonic and benthic crustaceans. The gobies were final hosts for only 5 parasites; but two species may be transmitted to larger fish, and 6 species to sea birds or mammals. The parasite community of the five gobies may possibly be taken to characterize the ecological quality of the environment of the Lübeck Bight.

Literature Cited

  • Arntz, W. E., 1974. Biomasse und Produktion des Makrobenthos in den tieferen Teilen der Kieler Bucht. — Kieler Meeresunters.27, 36–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, G., 1985. Zur Nahrungswahl von Seehunden (Phoca vitulina, L. 1758) im Wattenmeer Schleswig-Holsteins. — Z. Jagdwiss.31, 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, A. O. & Holmes, J. C., 1986. Intestinal helminths of lesser scaup ducks: patterns of association. — Can. J. Zool.64, 131–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bykhovskii, I. (Ed.) 1964. Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the USSR. Israel Program Scient. Translation, Jerusalem, 886 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doornbos, G., 1984. Piscivorous birds on the saline Lake Grevelingen, the Netherlands: abundance, prey selection and annual food consumption. — Neth. J. Sea Res.18, 457–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esch, G. W., Kennedy, C. R., Bush, A. O. & Aho, J. M., 1988. Patterns in helminth communities in freshwater fish in Great Britain: alternative strategies for colonization. — Parasitology96, 519–532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S., 1984. Energy budgets and predation impact of dominant epibenthic carnivores on a shallow soft bottom community at the Swedish west coast. — Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci.,18, 651–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fonds, M., 1973. Sand gobies in the Dutch Wadden Sea (Pomatoschistus, Gobiidae, Pisces). — Neth. J. Sea Res.6, 417–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamerlynck, O., Vyver, P. van de & Janssen, C. R., 1990. The trophic position ofPomatoschistus lozanoi (Pisces: Gobiidae) in the Southern Bight. In: Trophic relationships in marine environments. Ed. by M. Barnes & R. N. Gibson. Aberdeen Univ. Press, Aberdeen, 183–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanski, I., 1982. Dynamics of regional distribution: the core and satellite species hypothesis. — Oikos38, 210–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartwig, E. & Söhl, M., 1975. Zur Nahrung der Silbermöwe (Larus argentatus) auf der Nordseeinsel Sylt. II. Zusammensetzung der Nahrung. — Zool. Anz.194, 350–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helle, E. & Valtonen, E. T., 1981. Comparison between spring and autumn infection byCorynosoma (Acanthocephala) in the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) in the Bothnian Bay of the Baltic Sea. —Parasitology82, 287–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesthagen, I. H., 1977. Migration, breeding and growth inPomatoschistus minutus (Pallas) (Pisces, Gobiidae) in Oslofjorden, Norway. — Sarsia63, 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. C., 1989. Helminth communities in marine fishes. In: Parasite communities: patterns and processes. Ed. by G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush & J. M. Aho. Chapman & Hall, London, 101–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. C., 1991. Spatial scale and important species in the analysis of communities of parasites. In: Second international school: Parasite host environment. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. C. & Price, P. W., 1980. Communities of parasites. In: Community ecology: Patterns and processes. Ed. by D. J. Anderson & J. Kikkowa. Blackwell, Oxford, 187–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. R., 1989. Helminth communities in freshwater fish: structured communities or stochastic assemblages. In: Parasite communities: patterns and processes. Ed. by G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush & J. M. Aho. Chapman & Hall, London, 131–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. R., 1991. The role of interspecific competition in structuring helminth parasite communties. In: Second international school: Parasite host environment. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 185–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Køie, M., 1979. On the morphology and life-history ofDerogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) Looss, 1901 (Trematoda, Hemiruidae). — Z. ParasitKde.59, 67–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Køie, M., 1983. Digenetic trematodes fromLimanda limanda (L.) (Osteichthyes, Pleuronectidae) from Danish and adjacent waters, with special reference to their life-histories. — Ophelia22, 201–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreft, K.-A., 1991. Befalls- und Populationsdynamik ausgewählter digener Trematoden und ihrer Wirte in der Schlei. Diss. Univ. Hamburg, 289 pp.

  • MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O., 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 203 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markowski, S., 1935. Die parasitischen Würmer vonGobius minutus Pall. des Polnischen Baltikums. — Bull. Acad. pol. Sci. (Cl. II, Ser. Sci. biol.)2, 251–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melander, J., 1989. Die Sukzession des Aufwuchs einer Mole in der Lübecker Bucht. Dipl.-Arb., Univ. Hamburg, 270 pp.

  • Milinksi, M., 1985. Risk of predation of parasitized sticklebacks (Gasterosteus acculeatus, L.) under competition for food. — Behaviour93, 203–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller, H., 1975. Parasitological investigation on the European eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) in the Kiel-Fjord (Western Baltic). — Ber. dt. wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch.24, 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller, H. & Anders, K., 1986. Diseases and parasites of marine fishes. Möller, Kiel, 265 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller-Buchner, J., 1987. Untersuchungen zur Parasitenfauna drei- und neunstachliger Stichlinge (Gasterosteus acculeatus undPungitus pungitus) aus Elbe, Eider und Schlei. Diss. Univ. Hamburg, 230 pp.

  • Reijnders, P. J. H., Clausen, B., Haaften J. L. van & Kamp, J. van der, 1983. Diseases and parasites in harbour seals of the Wadden Sea. In: Ecology of the Wadden Sea. Ed. by W. J. Wolff. Balkema, Rotterdam,2(7), 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, L., 1969. Helminthen in Kormoranen von Brutkolonien der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. — Wiss. Z. E.-M.-Arndt-Univ. Greifswald (Math.-naturw. R.)18, 129–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer, L., 1970. Digene Trematoden und Cestoden der Ostseefische als natürliche Fischmarken. —Parasit. SchrReihe20, 1–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane, A., 1958. Die Biologie des Brackwassers. Binnengewässer22, 1–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remmert, H., 1989. Ökologie, Springer, Berlin, 374 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, K., 1982. Ecology of marine parasites. Univ. Queensland Press., St. Lucia, 245 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Root, R., 1967. The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. — Ecol. Monogr.37, 317–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sievers, U., 1989. Nahrungsökologische Untersuchungen an Seehunden (Phoca vitulina, L. 1758) aus dem schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeer. — Zool. Anz.222, 249–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sindermann, C. J. & Farrin, A. E., 1962. Ecological studies ofCryptocotyle lingua (Trematoda, Heterophyidae) whose larvae cause pigment spots in marine fish. — Ecology45, 69–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strohbach, U., 1991. Befall von Gastropoden und planktischen Copepoden in der südwestlichen Ostsee. Staatsexamens-Arb. Univ. Hamburg, 113 pp.

  • Thormann, S. & Wiederholm, A.-M., 1983. Seasonal occurrence and food resource use of an assemblage of nearshore fish species in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.10, 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wootton, R. J., 1976. The biology of sticklebacks. Acad. Press, London, 387 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., 1979a. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from the North and Baltic Sea area. I. Investigation onPomatoschistus pictus (Malm) (Gobiidae) from Helgoland. — Zool. Anz.202, 413–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., 1979b. On the biology and food of small-sized fish from the North and Baltic Sea area. II. Investigation of a shallow stony ground off Møn, Denmark. — Ophelia18, 179–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., 1988. Zur Bedeutung von Kleinfischen im Ökosystem der Ostsee. — Seevögel9, 51–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., 1990. Prey selection of shallow water fishPomatoschistus minutus (Gobiidae, Teleostei) in the SW Baltic Sea. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.44, 147–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., 1991. Akkumulation von Helminthen-Parasiten in Aalmuttern —Zoarces viviparus (L.) (Teleostei) der SW Ostsee. — Seevögel12, 70–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D. & Döring, W., 1989. The role of gobies (Gobiidae, Teleostei) in the food web of the shallow habitats of the Baltic Sea. In: Proceedings of the 21st European Marine Biology Symposium. Ed. by R. Z. Klekowski, E. StyczyÅ„ska-Jurewicz & L. Falkowski. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Gdansk, 499–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D. & Hagemann, T., 1986. Fluctuation of prey, abundance and biomass of gobies (Gobiidae, Pisces) in a shallow habitat of the western Baltic Sea. — Zool. Anz.216, 289–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D. & Hagemann, T., 1987. Predation impact and ecological efficiency ofPomatoschistus minutus (Gobiidae, Pisces) from a clay/sand ecotone of the western Baltic Sea. — Zool. Anz.218, 33–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D., Kollra, G., Antholz, B., Meyer, W. & Westphal, D., 1984. Small-sized euryhaline fish as intermediate hosts of the digenetic trematodeCryptocotyle convavum. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.37, 433–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D. & Westphal, D., 1991. Kleinfischparasiten der Ostseeförde Schlei und ihre Einbindung in die Nahrungskette. — Seevögel12, 4–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zander, C. D. & Westphal, D., 1992. Nahrungsbeziehungen von vier euryhalinen Kleinfischarten der Ostseeförde Schlei. — Zool. Jb. (Syst. Ökol. Geogr. Tiere)119, 339–364.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zander, C.D., Strohbach, U. & Groenewold, S. The importance of gobies (Gobiidae, Teleostei) as hosts and transmitters of parasites in the SW Baltic. Helgolander Meeresunters 47, 81–111 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366186

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366186

Keywords