- Published:
Further investigations on the concentration of marine bacteriophages in the water around Helgoland, with reference to the phage-host systems encountered
Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 46, pages 275–292 (1992)
Abstract
Between April 3 and September 24, 1991, the concentrations of bacteriophages infecting bacterial strains, isolated in 1990 and during this investigations, were determined in 35 samples of seawater taken at station ‘Kabeltonne’ adjacent to Helgoland. Similar to the findings of 1990, phage concentrations of several hundred plaque forming units (PFU) ml−1 were observed with a number of indicator strains, the maximum concentration being at least 1.5×103 PFU ml−1. These high concentrations lasted for only a few days, generally decreasing at rates between 0.6 and 0.9 day−1. Phage concentrations of 0 to 2 PFU ml−1 were found to be predominant until the end of June, occasionally attaining 5 PFU ml−1. From July through September, when high phage concentrations were observed with some indicator strains, between 0 and 10 PFU ml−1 were found in the majority of tests. As revealed by a final phage-host cross-reaction test, the greater part of 138 indicator bacteria is genetically related, and almost half of the 200 phage strains tested are propagated only by their original indicator bacterium. The possible importance of mutational events for the maintenance of phage-host systems in nature is discussed.
Literature Cited
Adams, M. H., 1959. Bacteriophages. Interscience Publ., New York, 592 pp.
Bergh, O., Borsheim, K. Y., Bratbak, G., & Heldal, M., 1989. High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments. —Nature, Lond.340, 467–468.
Borsheim, K. Y., Bratbak, G. & Heldal, M., 1990. Enumeration and biomass estimation of planktonic bacteria and viruses by transmission electron microscopy. —Appl. environm. Microbiol.56, 352–356.
Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Norland, S. & Thingstad, F., 1990. Viruses as partners in spring bloom microbial trophodynamics. —Appl. environ. Microbiol.56, 1400–1405.
Eisenstark A., 1967. Bacteriophage techniques. In: Methods in virology. Ed. by K. Maramorosch & H. Koprowski, Acad. Press, New York, 449–524.
Hara, S., Terauchi, K. & Koike, I. 1991. Abundance of viruses in marine waters: Assessment by epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. —Appl. environ. Microbiol.57, 2731–2734.
Hayes, W., 1964. The genetics of bacteria and their viruses. Blackwell, Oxford, 740 pp.
Heldal, M., & Bratbak, G., 1991. Production and decay of viruses in aquatic environments. —Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.72, 205–212.
Hewitt, L. F., 1953. Influence of bacteriophage on bacterial variation and evolution. In: Adaptation in microorganisms. Ed. by R. Davies & E. F. Gale. Univ. Press, Cambridge, 276–290.
Moebus, K., 1980. A method for the detection of bacteriophages from ocean water. —Helgoländer Meeresunters.34, 1–14.
Moebus, K., 1983. Lytic and inhibition responses to bacteriophages among marine bacteria, with special reference to the origin of phage-host systems. —Helgoländer Meeresunters.36, 375–391.
Moebus, K., 1987. Ecology of marine bacteriophages. In: Phage ecology. Ed. by S. M. Goyal, C. P. Gerba & G. Bitton, Wiley, New York, 137–156.
Moebus, K., 1992. Preliminary observations on the concentration of marine bacteriophages in the water around Helgoland. —Helgoländer Meeresunters.45, 411–422.
Propst-Ricciuti, C., 1972. Host-virus interactions inEscherichia coli: Effect of stationary phase on viral release from MS2-infected bacteria. —J. Virol.10, 162–165.
Proctor, L. M., & Fuhrman, J. A., 1990. Viral mortality of marine bacteria and cyanobacteria. —Nature, Lond.343, 60–62.
Spencer, R., 1955. A marine bacteriophage. —Nature, Lond.175, 690.
Spencer, R., 1963. Bacterial viruses in the sea. In: Symposium on marine microbiology. Ed. by C. H. Oppenheimer. Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 350–365.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moebus, K. Further investigations on the concentration of marine bacteriophages in the water around Helgoland, with reference to the phage-host systems encountered. Helgolander Meeresunters 46, 275–292 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367099
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367099