Skip to main content
  • Published:

Influence of three bacteria strains on the population dynamics ofTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

Abstract

The influence of three bacteria strains (Helgo 21, NCMB 308 and NCMB 13) on the life cycle ofTisbe holothuriae Humes 1957 was investigated under constant experimental conditions (19–20°C and 38‰ S). For each of the first six experiments, females (F1), whose life history was followed, were obtained from a common mother (F0). Experiment no 7 was carried out with adult females (F2) obtained during exp. 4. Females were bred in 50-ml dishes and transferred to a fresh container as soon as they produced a new egg-sac. Offspring (F2: exp. 1–6; F3: exp. 7) from successive egg-layings were counted as soon as they moulted into adults. Larval mortality was estimated by enumeration of the adults issuing from a known number of nauplii that had been fed different bacteria strains. Some difficulties arose in obtaining adults with NCMB 13: it appeared to be necessary to provide this first generation with a small quantity of TetraMin (commercial fish food) in order to initiate reproduction and obtain a second generation. However, in exp. 4, F2 adult females fed NCMB 13 became ovigerous and fertile without needing TetraMin. This result is interpreted as denoting an indispensable period of adaptation to the diet, which probably requires important changes at the enzymatic level. One experiment was carried out with Helgo 21; another one with NCMB 308; two with NCMB 13 (with a unique additional meal of TetraMin to allow reproduction), two with NCMB 13 during larval development, then only tetraMin during adult stage, and one with NCMB 13 alone (with females issued from exp. 4). Data obtained regarding longevity, duration of reproduction period, number of egg-sacs and number of adult descendants show an important variability between bacteria strains. Lower results were almost always obtained with Helgo 21 and NCMB 308. An interesting result lies in the maximum number of egg-sacs: low with Helgo 21 and NCMB 308 (5), but very ample with NCMB 13 (11 in one experiment). In experiment 7, carried out with animals bearing a large coefficient of inbreeding (0.375), the results concerning the maximum number of egg-sacs are good (10) as are the mean number of descendants per female (294: the highest number of the seven experiments). These results indicate that genetic factors involved in the reduction of descendants in ageing laboratory cultures can be suppressed to a certain extent by nutritional factors. The poor results obtained with Helgo 21 and NCMB 308 alone must be considered with caution: after a period of adaptation with an alimentary complement, these strains could perhaps permit an interesting production of copepods.

Literature Cited

  • Battaglia, B., 1957. Ricerche sul ciclo biologico diTisbe gracilis (T. Scott), (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), studiato in condizioni di laboratorio. — Archo Oceanogr. Limnol.11, 29–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia, B., 1958. Sex ratio inTisbe gracilis, a marine copepod. — Rep. int. Congr. Zool. (Sect. 3)15, 288–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia, B., 1959. Il polimorphismo adattativo e i fattori della selezione nel CopepodeTisbe reticulata Bocquet. — Archo Oceanogr. Limnol.11, 19–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battaglia, B., 1970. Cultivation of marine copepods for genetic and evolutionary research. —Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.20, 385–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betouhim-El, T. & Kahan, D., 1972.Tisbe pori n. sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Mediterranean coast of Israel and its cultivation in the laboratory. — Mar. Biol.16, 201–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand, G. W., 1985. Effect of crowding on larval viability inTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). — Mar. Biol.88, 67–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. J. & Sibert, J. R., 1977. Food of some benthic harpacticoid copepods. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can.34, 1028–1031.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caumette, P., 1987. RĂ´le des bactĂ©ries phototrophes et des bactĂ©ries sulfato-rĂ©ductrices dans les milieux lagunaires. ORSTOM, Paris, 395 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, G. T., 1986. High density culture of meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods within a muddy sediment substrate. — Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci.43, 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuer, I., 1993. Influence du facteur trophique sur la dynamique de population deTisbe holothuriae (CopĂ©pode Harpacticoide). Thèse Doctorat 3e cycle, Univ. Aix-Marseille, 90 pp.

  • Dublin, L. I. & Lotka, A. J., 1925. On the true rate of natural increase. — J. Am. statist. Assoc.20, 305–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fava, G., Lazzaretto-Colombera, I. & Cervelli, M., 1976. Carico genetico inTisbe (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). II.T. holothuriae e T. bulbisetosa della laguna di Venezia. — Atti Accad. naz. Lincei Rc.60, 699–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fava, G. & Luparelli, R., 1972. Effetto de l’incrocio sul rapporto sessi inTisbe clodiensis (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). — Atti Ist. veneto Sci.130, 147–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fava, G. & ringoli, C. 1977. Effet de la densitĂ© larvaire sur la survie chez le CopĂ©pode HarpacticoideTisbe clodiensis. — Rapp. P.-v. RĂ©un. Commn int. Explor. scieĹ„t. Mer MĂ©diterr.24, 135–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudy, R. & GuĂ©rin, J.-P., 1977. Dynamique des populations deTisbe holothuriae (Crustacea: copepoda) en Ă©levage sur trois rĂ©gimes artificiels diffĂ©rents. — Mar. Biol.39, 137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudy, R. & GuĂ©rin, J.-P., 1982. Population dynamics ofTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda; Harpacticoida) in exploited mass cultures. — Neth. J. Sea Res.16, 208–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudy, R., GuĂ©rin, J.-P. & Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., 1982. Effect of temperature and salinity on the population dynamics ofTisbe holothuriae, Humes (Copepoda; Harpacticoida) fed on two different diets. — J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.57, 257–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburger-Vogel, T., 1975. Temperature et diffĂ©rentiation sexuelle chez les crustacĂ©s. — Bull. Soc. zool. Fr.100, 95–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • GuĂ©rin, J.-P., 1971. Utilisation de nourritures artificielles pour l’élevage de jeunes stades d’invertĂ©brĂ©s benthiques. — Tethys2, 557–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • GuĂ©rin, J. P., 1973. Premières donnĂ©es sur la longĂ©vitĂ©, le rythme de ponte et la fĂ©conditĂ© deScolelepis cf.fuliginosa (Polychète, SpionidĂ©) en Ă©levage. — Mar. Biol.19, 27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GuĂ©rin, J.-P. & Kerambrun, P., 1982. Effects of diet on esterases, alkaline phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase activity observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis inTisbe holothuriae (Harpacticoid Copepod). — Comp. Biochem. Physiol.73 B, 761–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidi, L. D., 1984. The effect of food composition on ingestion, development, and survival of a harpacticoid copepod,Tisbe cucumariae Humes. — J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.84, 101–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanaoka, H., 1973. Cultivation of three species of pelagic micro-crustacean plankton. — Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan20, 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heip, C., 1972. The reproductive potential of copepods in brackish water. — Mar. Biol.12, 219–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, G. R. F. & Coull, B. C., 1983. The ecology of marine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. —Oceanogr. mar. Biol.21, 67–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppenheit, M., 1975a. Zur Dynamik exploitierter Populationen vonTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). I. Methoden, Verlauf der Populationsentwicklung und EinfluĂź der Wassererneuerung. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.27, 235–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppenheit, M., 1975b. Zur Dynamik exploitierter Populationen vonTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). II. Populationsdichte, Alterszusammensetzung, Wachstum und Ausbeute. —Helgoländer wiss. Meersunters.27, 377–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppenheit, M., 1976. Zur Dynamik exploitierter Populationen vonTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). III. Reproduktion, Geschlechtsverhältnis, Entwicklungsdauer und Ăśberlebenszeit. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunter.29, 109–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, K., 1973. Food requirements of copepods estimated from their metabolic rates. — Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan20, 78–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. W. & Olson, J. B., 1948. The life history and biology of a marine harpacticoid copepod,Tisbe furcata (Baird). — Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole95, 320–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, D., 1979. Vegetables as food for marine harpacticoid copepods. — Aquaculture16, 345–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, M. & Kurata, S., 1978. The mass culture and cell utilization of photosynthetic bacteria. —Process Biochem.13, 27–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, K., 1948. Monographie der Harpacticoiden. Nordiska Bokhandeln, Stockholm,1, 1–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, W. Y., Zhang, X. K., Baalen, C. & von Arnold, C. R., 1985. Feeding and reproductive performance of the harpacticoidTisbe carolinensis (Copepoda, Crustacea) in four algal cultures. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.24, 273–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, G. W., 1982. Short-term population dynamics ofTisbe cucumariae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). — Mar. Biol.68, 333–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. & Dikaiakou, N., 1982. Influence of light conditions on the offspring production and the sex-ratio ofTisbe holothuriae Humes (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). — Arch. Hydrobiol.96, 120–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parise, A. & Lazzaretto, I., 1966. Misure di popolazione sul copepodsTisbe furcata (Baird) (Harpacticoida). — Atti Memorie Accad. patavina79, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provasoli, L., Shiraishi, K. & Lance, J. R., 1959. Nutritional idiosyncrasies ofArtemia andTigriopus in monoxenic culture. — Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.77, 250–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provasoli, L., Conklin, D. E. & D’Agostino, A. S., 1970. Factors inducing fertility in aseptic Crustacea. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.20, 443–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rieper, M., 1978. Bacteria as food for marine harpacticoid copepods. — Mar. Biol.45, 337–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rieper, M., 1982. Feeding preferences of marine harpacticoid copepods for various species of bacteria. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.7, 303–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieper, M., 1984. Relationships between bacteria and marine copepods. In: BactĂ©riologie marine. CNRS, Paris, 169–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothbard, S., 1976. Experiments in mass culture of the marine copepodsTigriopus japonicus (Mori) on a bed of crushed seaweedUlva petrusa (Kjelman). — Bamidgeh28–30, 80–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwenzer, D., 1985. Untersuchungen zur Produktionsbiologie vonTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda: Harpacticoidea) bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur-, Salinitäts- und Nahrungsbedingungen. Diss., Univ. Berlin, 198 pp.

  • Stansfield, W. D., 1981. GĂ©nĂ©tique. McGraw-Hill, Paris, 281 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig, G., 1983. Massenproduktion von Lebendfutter fĂĽr Marikulturzwecke. — Jber. Biol. Anst. Helgoland1983, 76–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig, G., 1984. Massenproduktion von Lebendfutter fĂĽr Marikultur-Systeme. — Jber. Biol. Anst. Helgoland1984, 80–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig, G., 1984. Progress in mass culture of harpacticoid copepods for mariculture purposes. — Spec. Publ. Eur. Maricult Soc.,8, 261–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig, G. & Schwenzer, D., 1979 Autökologische Untersuchungen anTisbe holothuriae. Jber. Biol. Anst. Helgoland1979, 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlig, G. & Sahling, G., 1981: Leistundsdaten eines wachstumsintensive harpacticoiden Copepoden. — Jber. Biol. Anst. Helgoland1981, 44–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ustach, J. F., 1982. Algae, bacteria and detritus as food for the harpacticoid copepod,Heteropsyllus pseudonunni Coull and Palmer. — J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.64, 203–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vander Berghe, W. & Bergmans, M., 1981. Differential food preferences in three co-occuring species ofTisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.4, 213–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmann-Rocco, B., 1971. Some critical remarks on the taxonomy ofTisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). — Crustaceana21, 127–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmann-Rocco, B., 1972. The effect of delayed fertilization in some species of the genusTisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). — Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole142, 520–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmann-Rocco, B. & Battaglia, B., 1972. A new case of sibling species in the genusTisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). In: Fifth European Marine Biology Symposium. Ed. by B. Battaglia. Piccin, Padova, 67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmann-Rocco, B., & Fava, G., 1969. Two sibling species ofTisbe (Copepoda, Harpacticoida):Tisbe reluctans andT. persimilis n. sp. Research on their morphology and population dynamics. —Mar. Biol.3, 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Guérin, J.P., Rieper-Kirchner, M. Influence of three bacteria strains on the population dynamics ofTisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Helgolander Meeresunters 45, 493–511 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367181

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367181

Keywords