Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Disko Island (Greenland)

Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 47, pages 167–191 (1993)Cite this article

Abstract

The temperature requirements for growth and upper temperature tolerance were determined in 16 macroalgal species collected on Disko Island (Greenland). The upper survival temperatures were examined in 1°C steps, and growth measured at 5°C intervals between 0 and 20°C using a refined method, where the fresh weight was determined weekly or fortnightly over a period of 5 or 6 weeks. To express temperature-growth responses, growth rates of temperature-acclimated plants were taken. Two groups with different temperature requirements were identified: (1) A stenothermal group includingAcrosiphonia arcta, Acrosiphonia sonderi, Urospora penicilliformis, Devaleraea ramentacea, Desmarestia aculeata, Pilayella littoralis, growing between 0 and (10 to) 15 (or 20)°C with optima between 0 and 10°C. The upper survival temperatures in these species and inChromastrum secundatum, Chromastrum virgatulum, Chordaria flagelliformis were between 17 and 23°C (duration of experiment: 2 weeks). (2) A eurythermal group includingEnteromorpha clathrata, Enteromorpha intestinalis andPolysiphonia urceolata growing between 0 and 20°C with growth optima at 10 or 15°C. The upper survival temperatures in these species and inChaetomorpha tortuosa, Bangia atropurpurea andEudesme virescens were between 24 and 31°C. These algal species showed little adaptation to the Arctic temperatures. In contrast, algae from the first group exhibited a relatively high adaptation to low temperatures — approaching the low temperature requirements of Antarctic algae. The results are discussed in relation to the geographic distribution of individual species.

Literature Cited

  • Asensi, A. O., 1966. Guia para reconocer los generos de algas pardas de la Argentina. Instituto Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, 51 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. A. & Raison, J. K., 1981. Responses of macrophytes to temperature. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology. Ed. by D. L. Lange, P. S. Nobel, L. B. Osmond & H. Ziegler.12A, 277–338.

  • Bliding, C., 1963. A critical survey of European taxa in Ulvales. Part I.Capsosiphon, Percursaria, Blidingia, Enteromorpha. Op. bot., Lund., 1–160.

  • Bolton, J. J., 1983. Ecoclinal variation inEctocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyceae) with respect to temperature growth optima and survival limits. — Mar. Biol.73, 131–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, J. J. & Lüning, K., 1982. Optimal growth and maximal survival temperatures of AtlanticLaminaria species (Phaeophyta) in culture. — Mar. Biol.66, 89–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breeman, A. M., 1988. Relative importance of temperature and other factors in determining geographic boundaries of seaweeds: experimental and phenological evidence. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.42, 199–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breeman, A. M., 1990. Expected effects of changing seawater temperatures on the geographic distribution of seaweed species. In: Expected effects of climatic change on marine coastal ecosystems. Ed. by J. J. Beukema, W. J. Wolff & J. J. W. M. Brouns. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambridge, M. L., Breeman, A. M., Kraak, S. & Hoek, C. van den, 1987. Temperature responses of tropical to warm temperateCladophora species in relation to their distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.41, 329–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, V. J., 1956. The marine algae of New Zealand. Part I: Myxophyceae and Chlorophyceae. — J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.)55, 333–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, M. N. & Wiencke, C., 1986. Techniques and equipment for culturing Antarctic benthic marine algae, and for preparing specimens for electron microscopy. — Ser. Cient. INACH34, 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, C. J., 1974. Marine algae of the west coast of Florida. Univ. of Miami Press, Coral Gables, 201 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieck, I. tom, 1989. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Ökophysiologie und Kreuzbarkeit innerhalb der digitalen Sektion der GattungLaminaria Lamouroux (Phaeophyceae). Diss., Univ. Hamburg, 168 pp.

  • Dieck, I. tom (Bartsch), 1992a. Circannual growth rhythm and photoperiodic sorus induction in the kelpLaminaria setchellii (Phaeophyta). — J. Phycol.27, 341–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieck, I. tom (Bartsch), 1992b. North Pacific and North Atlantic digitateLaminaria species (Phaeophyta): hybridization experiments and temperature responses. — Phycologia31, 147–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieck, I. tom (Bartsch), 1993. Temperature tolerance and survival in darkness of kelp gametophytes (Laminariales, Phaeophyta). — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. (in press).

  • Egan, B., Gracia-Ezquivel, Z., Brinkhuis, B. H. & Yarish, C., 1990. Genetics of morphology and growth inLaminaria from the North Atlantic Ocean-implications for biogeography. In: Evolutionary biogeography of the marine algae of the North Atlantic. Ed. by D. J. Garbary & G. R. South. Springer, Berlin, 147–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etcheverry, D. H., 1983. Algas bentónicas de la Antártica Chilena. Instituto Antartico Chileno — Ser. Cient. INACH30, 97–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortes, M. D. & Lüning, K., 1980. Growth rates of North Sea macroalgae in relation to temperature, irradiance and photoperiod. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.34, 15–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielson, P. W., Scagel, R. F. & Widdowson, T. B., 1989. Keys to the benthic marine algae and seagrasses of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, Washington and Oregon. Univ. of British Columbia, Vanvcouver, 187 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, J. M. & Graham, L. E., 1987. Growth and reproduction ofBangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. AG. (Rhodophyta) from the Laurentian Great Lakes. — Aquat. Bot.28, 317–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant-Meckie, J. A., 1979. Cretaceous-recent plate tectonic history and palaeooceanographic development of the Southern Hemisphere. — Inf. Ser. Dep. scient. ind. Res. NZ,137, (1) 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiry, M. D., 1982.Devaleraea, a new genus of the Palmariaceae (Rhodophyta) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. — J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.62, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guiry, M. D., Tripodi, G. & Lüning, K., 1987. Biosystematics, genetics and upper temperature tolerance ofGigartina teedii (Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.41, 283–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, C. H., Adams, N. M. & Parsons, M. J., 1985. The marine algae of the sub-antarctic islands of New Zealand. — Misc. Ser. Nat. Mus. N. Z.11, 1–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, G., 1987. Die Polarmeere — ein biologischer Vergleich. — Polarforschung57, 173–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, C. van den, 1982a. The distribution of benthic marine algae in relation to the temperature regulation of their life histories. — Biol. J. Linn. Soc.18, 81–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, C. van den, 1982b. Phytogeographic distribution groups of benthic marine algae in the North Atlantic Ocean. A review from the experimental evidence from life histories. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.35, 153–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, C. van den, 1984. Algen. Thieme, Stuttgart, 481 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, C. van den & Breeman, A. M., 1989. Seaweed biogeography of the North Atlantic: Where are we now? In: Evolutionary biogeography of the marine algae of the North Atlantic. Ed. by D. J. Garbary & G. R. South. Springer, Berlin, 57–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellman, F. R., 1883. The algae of the Arctic Sea. — K. svenska Vetenskaps-Akad. Handl.20, 1–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P., 1962. Die Entwicklung vonChordaria flagelliformis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.8, 276–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P., 1964. Der Lebenszyklus vonAcrosiphonia arcta. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.11, 110–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P., 1966a. Wachstum und Zellteilung beiUrospora. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.13, 73–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P., 1966b.Hormiscia neu definiert. — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.13, 408–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P., 1972. Ein Beitrag zur Taxonomie der GattungChaetomorpha (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta). — Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.23, 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann, P. & Sahling, P.-H., 1983. Meeresalgen von Helgoland. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg, 289 pp. (Veränd. Neudr. von Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.29, 1–289, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, I. M. & Zimmermann, M. H., 1977. Benthic marine algae of the Antarctic Peninsula. — Antarct. Res. Ser.23, 129–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levring, T., 1945. Marine algae from some Antarctic and Subantarctic Islands. — Lunds Univ. Årskr. (N.F. Avd. 2)41, 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levring, T., 1960. Contribution to the marine algal flora of Chile. — Lunds Univ. Årsskr. (N.F. Avd. 2)56, 1–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindauer, V. W., Chapman, V. J. & Aiken, M., 1961. The marine algae of New Zealand. II. Phaeophyceae. — Nova Hedwigia3, 129–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobban, C. S., Harrison, P. J. & Duncan, M. J., 1985, The physiological ecology of the seaweeds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 242 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lokhorst, G. M. & Trask, B. J., 1981. Taxonomic studies onUrospora (Acrosiphoniales, Chlorophyceae) in Western Europe. — Acta bot. néerl.30, 353–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K., 1981. Photomorphogenesis of reproduction in marine macroalgae. — Ber. dt. bot. Ges.94, 401–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K., 1984. Temperature tolerance and biogeography of seaweeds: The marine algal flora of Helgoland (North Sea) as an example. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.38, 305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K., 1985. Meeresbotanik. Thieme, Stuttgart, 375 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K., 1990. Seaweeds. Wiley, New York, 527 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K., 1991. Circannual growth rhythm in a brown alga,Pterygophora californica. — Botanica Acta104, 157–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K. & Dieck, I. tom, 1989. The distribution and evolution of the Laminariales: North Pacific-Atlantic relationships. In: Evolutionary biogeography of the marine algae of the North Atlantic. Ed. by D. J. Garbary & G. R. South. Springer, Berlin, 187–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning, K. & Freshwater, W., 1988. Temperature tolerance of Northeast Pacific marine algae. — J. Phycol.24, 310–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meer, J. P. van der, 1981. The life history ofHalosaccion ramentaceum. — Can. J. Bot.59, 433–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, D. G. & Lüthe, N. M., 1981. Hormonal interaction in sexual reproduction ofDesmarestia aculeata (Phaeophyceae). — Br. J. Phycol.16, 351–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, D. G. & Stache, B., 1989. Life history studies onPilayella littoralis (L.) Kjellman (Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpales) of different geographical origin. — Botanica mar.32, 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novaczek, I., Breeman, A. M. & Hoek, C. van den, 1989. Thermal tolerance ofStypocaulon scoparium (Phaeophyta, Sphacelariales) from eastern and western shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.43, 183–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novaczek, I. & Breeman, A. M., 1990. Thermal ecotypes of amphi-Atlantic algae. II. Cold-temperate species (Furcellaria lumbricalis andPolyides rotundus). — Helgoländer Meeresunters.44, 475–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novaczek, I., Lubbers, G. B. & Breeman, A. M., 1990. Thermal ecotypes of amphi-Atlantic algae. I. Algae of Arctic to cold-temperate distribution (Chaetomorpha melagonium, Devaleraea ramentacea andPhycodrys rubens). — Helgoländer Meeresunters.44, 459–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orfanidis, S., 1992. Light requirements for growth of six shade-acclimated Mediterranean macroalgae. — Mar. Biol.112, 511–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papenfuss, G. F., 1964. Catalogue and bibliography of Antarctic and Subantarctic benthic marine algae. — Antarct. Res. Ser.1, 1–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padersen, P. M., 1976. Marine benthic algae from southernmost Greenland. — Meddr Grønland199, 1–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, A. F., 1987. Reproduction and sexuality in theChordariales (Phaeophyceae). A review of culture studies. — Prog. phycol. Res.5, 223–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, A. F. & Breeman, A. M., 1992. Temperature responses of disjunct temperate brown algae indicate long-distance dispersal of microthalli across the tropics. — J. Phycol.28, 428–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, N. & Dixon, P. S., 1968. Life history ofBangia fuscopurpurea (Dillw.) Lyngb. in culture. —Nature, Lond.218, 496–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricker, R. W., 1987. Taxonomy and biogeography of Macquarie Island seaweeds. British Museum (Natural History) London, 344 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rueness, J. & Tanager, T., 1984. Growth in culture of four red algae from Norway with potential for mariculture. — Hydrobiologia116–117, 303–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santelices, B. & Abbott, I. A., 1978. New records of marine algae from Chile and their effect on phytogeography. — Phycologia17, 213–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scagel, R. F., 1957. An annotated bibliography of the marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington including keys to genera. — Bull. natn. Mus. Can.150, 1–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scagel, R. F., Gabrielson, P. W., Garbary, D. D., Golden, L., Hawkes, M. W., Lindstrom, S. C., Oliveira, J. C. & Widdowson, T. B., 1989. A synopsis of the benthic marine algae of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, Washington and Oregon. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, 532 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarlato, O. A., 1977. Bivalve molluscs and temperature as an agent determining their geographical distribution. — Malacologia,16, 247–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, C. W. & Searles, R. B., 1991. Seaweeds of the Southeastern United States: Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral. Duke Univ. Press, Durham, N. C., 553 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber, E., 1932. Entwicklungsgeschichte und systematische Stellung der Desmarestiaceen. — Z. Bot.25, 561–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seagrief, S. C., 1984. A catalogue of South African green, brown and red marine algae. — Mem. bot. Surv. S. A.47, 1–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skottsberg, C., 1907. Zur Kenntnis der subantarktischen und antarktischen Meeresalgen, I. Phaeophyceen. In: Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolarexpedition 1901–1903. Ed. by O. Nordenskjöld. Asher, Berlin, 172 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skottsberg, C., 1921. Botanische Ergebnisse der schwedischen Expedition nach Patagonien und dem Feuerlande 1907–1909, VIII. Marine Algen 1. Phaeophyceae. — K. svenska Vetensk, Akad. Handl.61, 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, G. R., 1984. A checklist of marine algae of eastern Canada. Second revision. — Can. J. Bot.62, 680–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South, G. R. & Tittley, I., 1986. A checklist and distribution index of the benthic marine algae of the North Atlantic Ocean. British Museum (Natural History), London, 76 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, W. R., 1939. Algae collected by the “Hassler”, “Albatross” and Schmitt Expeditions II. Marine algae from Uruguay, Argentina, the Falkland Islands, and the Strait of Magellan. — Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci.24, 127–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, C. K., (Ed.), 1983. Common seaweeds of China. Science Press, Beijing, 316 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiede, J., 1986. Zur geologischen Geschichte der Polarmeere und ihrer Wassermassen. Geol. Paläontol. Inst. Univ. Kiel, 312 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, H. P. & Zaneveld, J. S., 1988. The Xanthophyceae and Chlorophyceae of the western Ross Sea, Victoria Land, Antarctica and Macquarie Island collected under the direction of Prof. Dr. J. S. Zaneveld (1963–1967). — Blumea33, 141–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiencke, C. & Dieck, I. tom 1989. Temperature requirements for growth and temperature tolerance of macroalgae endemic to the Antarctic region. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.54, 189–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiencke, C. & Dieck, I. tom 1990. Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Southern Chile. — Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.59, 157–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Womersley, H. B. S., 1984. The marine benthic flora of Southern Australia, Part I. South Australia Govt. Print. Div., Adelaide, 329 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynne, M. J., 1986. A checklist of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic. — Can. J. Bot.64, 2239–2281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarish, C., Breeman, A. M. & Hoek, C. van den, 1986. Survival strategies and temperature responses of seaweeds belonging to different biogeographic distribution groups. — Botanica mar.24, 215–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yarish, C., Kirkman, H. & Lüning, K., 1987. Lethal exposure times and preconditioning to upper temperature limits of some temperate North Atlantic red algae. — Helgoländer Meeresunters.41, 323–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Federal Republic of Germany

    B. Bischoff & C. Wiencke

Authors
  1. B. Bischoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Wiencke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bischoff, B., Wiencke, C. Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Disko Island (Greenland). Helgolander Meeresunters 47, 167–191 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02430357

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02430357

Keywords

Helgoland Marine Research

ISSN: 1438-3888

Contact us