Skip to main content
Download PDF
  • Published:

Microgeographic allozyme differentiation in the hybrid zone ofMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. andM. edulis L. on the continental European coast

Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen volume 51, pages 107–124 (1997)Cite this article

Abstract

The EuropeanMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. andM. edulis L. coexist and hybridize in different proportions in extended areas of the British and Atlantic French coasts.M. galloprovincialis typical allozymes seem to predominate in wave exposed areas, at high levels of attachment and in larger mussels in the British hybrid zone. Mussel samples from exposed and sheltered areas, 200 m apart, and from high and low levels of attachment were collected from a location of the French hybrid zone in 1988–92. PureM. galloprovincialis andM. edulis populations were also taken as controls. Diagnostic enzyme loci for bothMytilus (EST-D *, LAP-1*, MPI*, ODH*) andAP-1 *, LAP-2* andPGM * loci were studied. The frequencies of theM. galloprovincialis typical alleles were significantly greater in exposed populations than in sheltered samples (e.g. 0.729 to 0.803 vs 0.192 to 0.581 forEST-D *90), and at high level of attachment than at low level for the sheltered area (e.g. 0.581 vs 0.192 forEST-D *90). PutativeM. galloprovincialis was more abundant on the exposed coast (0.591 and 0.702) than on the sheltered shore, where it predominated at the high shore but not at the low shore location (0.371 vs 0.045). Significantly positive correlations between shell length and typicalM. galloprovincialis compound allele frequencies were found only for populations from exposed areas. Relationships between theMytilus genetic differentiation and ecological factors are discussed.

Literature Cited

  • Ahmad, M. & Beardmore, J. A., 1976. Genetic evidence that the “Padstow mussel” isMytilus galloprovincialis. —Mar. Biol.35, 139–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Skibinski, D. O. F. & Beardmore, J. A., 1977. An estimate of the amount of genetic variation in the common musselMytilus edulis.—Biochem. Genet.15 833–846.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont, A. R., Seed, R. & Garcia-Martinez, P., 1989. Electrophoretic and morphometric criteria for the identification of the musselsMytilus edulis andM. galloprovincialis. In: Reproduction, genetics and distributions of marine organisms. Ed. by J. S. Ryland & P. A. Tyler. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, 251–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coustau, C., Renaud, F. & Delay, B., 1991. Genetic characterization of the hybridization betweenMytilus edulis andM. galloprovincialis on the Atlantic coast of France.—Mar. Biol.111, 87–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, G. & Everitt, D. S., 1982. An introduction to mathematical taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 151 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. P. A., 1992.Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk.) (Bivalvia, Mollusca): the taxonomic status of the Mediterranean mussels.—Ophelia35, 219–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. P. A., 1994. The structure and dynamics of naturally occurring hybridMytilus edulis Linneus, 1758 andMytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mollusca) populations: review and interpretation.—Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.)99, 37–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. P. A. & Skibinski, D. O. F., 1988. Historical and size-dependent genetic variation in hybrid mussel populations.—Heredity61, 93–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. P. A. & Skibinski, D. O. F., 1991. Biological and physical factors influencing genotype-dependent mortality in hybrid mussel populations.—Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.71, 235–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. P. A., Skibinski, D. O. F. & Bajdik, C. D., 1993. Shell growth and viability differences between the marine musselsMytilus edulis (L.),Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk.) and their hybrids from two sympatric populations in S.W. England.—Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole185, 405–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M., 1992a. Systematics and geographic distribution ofMytilus. In: The musselMytilus: ecology, physiology, genetics and culture. Ed. by E. M. Gosling. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M., 1992b. Genetics ofMytilus. In: The musselMytilus: ecology, physiology, genetics and culture. Ed. by E. M. Gosling. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 309–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M. & Wilkins, N. P., 1977. Phosphoglucoisomerase allele frequency data inMytilus edulis from Irish coastal sites: its ecological significance. In: Biology of benthic organisms. Ed. by B. F. Keegan, P. O'Ceidigh & P. J. S. Boaden. Pergamon Press, London, 297–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M. & Wilkins, N. P., 1981. Ecological genetics of the musselsMytilus edulis andM. galloprovincialis on Irish coasts.—Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.4, 221–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M. & Wilkins, N. P., 1985. Genetics of settling cohorts ofMytilus edulis (L): preliminary observations.—Aquaculture44, 115–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gosling, E. M. & McGrath, D., 1990. Genetic variability in exposed-shore mussels,Mytilus spp., along an environmental gradient.—Mar. Biol.104, 413–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, W. S. & Cherry, M. I., 1985.Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. in Southern Africa.—J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.90, 179–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A., 1976. Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics. North Holland Publ., Amsterdam, Loose-leaf publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilbish, T. J., Bayne, B. L. & Day, A., 1994. Genetics of physiological differentiation within marine mussel genusMytilus.—Evolution48, 267–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeh, W. R., Blakley, K. H. & Brown, W. M., 1991. Heteroplasmy suggests limited biparental inheritance ofMytilus mitochondrial DNA.—Science, N.Y.251, 1488–1490.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, J. H., Seed, R. & Koehn, R. K., 1991. Allozymes and morphometric characters of three species ofMytilus, in the northern and southern hemispheres.—Mar. Biol.111, 323–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, R. W., Sites, J. W., Buth, D. G. & Haufler, C. H., 1990. Proteins I: Isozyme electrophoresis. In: Molecular systematics. Ed. by D. M. Hillis & C. Moritz. Sinauer Ass., Sunderland, Mass., 45–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei, M., 1972. Genetic distance between populations.—Am. Nat.106, 283–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nie, N. H., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K. & Bent, D. H., 1975. SPSS: statistical package for the social sciences. McGraw Hill, New York, 675 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quesada, H., Sanjuan, J. & Sanjuan, A. 1992. GENET2: a BASIC program for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions.—J. Hered.83, 460–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyment, R. A., Blackith, R. E. & Campbell, N. A., 1984. Multivariate morphometrics. Acad. Press, London, 233 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, A. & Hill, W. G., 1984. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions, sampling variances and use in estimation of inbreeding coefficients.—Genetics107, 703–718.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roff, D. A. & Bentzen, P., 1990. The statistical analysis of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms: X2 and the problem with small samples.—Mol. Biol. Evol.6, 539–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. J., 1990. NTSYS-PC. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, ver. 1.50. Exeter Software, New York, Loose-leaf publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanjuan, A., 1992. la identificación del mejillón de la Península Ibérica: variabilidad morfológica y polimorfismos alozímicos. Tesis Doctoral, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 186 pp.

  • Sanjuan, A., Quesada, H., Zapata, C. & Alvarez, G., 1990. On the occurrence ofMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. on the N.W. coast of the Iberian Peninsula.—J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol.143, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanjuan, A., Zapata, C. & Alvarez, G., 1994.Mytilus galloprovincialis andM. edulis on the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula.—Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.113, 131–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seed, R. A., 1972. Morphological variations inMytilus from the French coasts in relation to the occurrence and distribution ofMytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk).—Cah. Biol. mar.,13, 357–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seed, R. A., 1992. Systematics, evolution and distribution of mussels belonging to the genusMytilus: an overview.—Am. malac. Bull.9, 123–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaklee, J. B., Allendorf, F. W., Morizot, D. C. & Whitt, G. S., 1990. Gene nomenclature for protein-coding loci in fish.—Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.119, 2–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skibinski, D. O. F., 1983. Natural selection in hybrid mussel populations. In: Protein polymorphism: adaptive and taxonomic significance. Ed. by G. S. Oxford & D. Rollinson. Acad. Press, London, 283–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skibinski, D. O. F., Ahmad, M. & Beardmore, J. A., 1978. Genetic evidence for naturally occurring hybrids betweenMytilus edulis andMytilus galloprovincialis.—Evolution32, 354–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibinski, D. O. F., Cross, T. D. & Ahmad, M., 1980. Electrophoretic investigation of systematic relationships in the marine musselsModiolus modiolus L.,Mytilus edulis L. andMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk (Mytilidae; Mollusca).—Biol. J. Linn. Soc.13, 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibinski, D. O. F., Beardmore, J. A. & Cross, T. F., 1983. Aspects of the population genetics ofMytilus (Mytilidae; Mollusca) in the British Isles.—Biol. J. Linn. Soc.19, 137–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skibinski, D. O. F. & Roderick, E. E., 1991. Evidence of selective mortality in favour of theMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk phenotype in British mussel populations.—Biol. J. Linn. Soc.42, 351–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P. H. A. & Sokal, R. R., 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, 573 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varvio, S.-L., Koehn, R. K. & Väinölä, R., 1988. Evolutionary genetics of theMytilus edulis complex in the North Atlantic region.—Mar. Biol.98, 51–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viard, F., Delay, B., Coustau, C. & Renaud, F., 1994. Evolution of the genetic structure of the bivalve cohorts at hybridization sites of theMytilus edulis-M. galloprovincialis complex.—Mar. Biol.119, 535–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willis, G. L. & Skibinski, D. O. F., 1992. Variation in strength of attachment to the substrate explains differential mortality in hybrid mussel (Mytilus edulis andMytilus galloprovincialis) populations. —Mar. Biol.112, 403–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaykin, D. V. & Pudovkin, A. I., 1993. Two programs to estimate chi-square values using pseudo-probability test.—J. Hered.84, 152.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Xenética Evolutiva Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias-Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36200, Vigo, Spain

    A. S. Comesaña & A. Sanjuan

Authors
  1. A. S. Comesaña
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Sanjuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Sanjuan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Comesaña, A.S., Sanjuan, A. Microgeographic allozyme differentiation in the hybrid zone ofMytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. andM. edulis L. on the continental European coast. Helgoländer Meeresunters. 51, 107–124 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908758

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908758

Keywords

Helgoland Marine Research

ISSN: 1438-3888

Contact us