Table 2. List of parasite species recovered from flounder in the German Bight during nine sampling periods in spring and autumn 1995–2000 and some of their biological characteristics. For life-cycle: mx monoxenous, hv heteroxenous species. For parasite life-mode: end endoparasitic, ec ectoparasitic species. For origin: m marine, e estuarine, l limnetic species. For status g generalist, s specialist, aut autogenic. For location: E Elbe, H Helgoland, O Outer Eider, S Spiekeroog, I Inner Eider, all all locations; u status unknown, ? uncertain

Apicomplexa

Epieimeria sp.

Gut

Final

mx

end

u

u

all

Ciliophora

Trichodina spp.

Gills

Final

mx

ec

e

u

all

Microsporea

Microsporea sp.1

Kidney

Final

mx

end

u

u

all

Glugea stephani

Gut

Final

mx

end

m

g, aut

H, O, I

Myxozoa

Myxozoa sp. 1

Kidney

?

hx

end

u

u

all

Myxidium incurvatum

Gall bladder

Final

hx

end

m

?, aut

all

Monogenea

Gyrodactylus sp.

Gills

Final

mx

ec

m

u, aut

E, H, O

Digenea

Derogenes varicus

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

g, aut

all

Brachyphallus crenatus

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

g, aut

all

Zoogonoides viviparus

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

g, aut

all

Lecithaster gibbosus

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

g, aut

H, S, I

Podocotyle atomon

Gut

Final

hx

end

m/e

g, aut

all

Metacercaria sp. 1

Gills

Intermediate

hx

end

m/e

u

all

Cestoda

Bothriocephalus spp.

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

g, aut

E, H, O, S

Proteocephalus sp.

Gut

Final

hx

end

l/e

g, aut

E, O

Cestoda larvae sp. 1

Gut

?

hx

end

m

u

H, S

Cestoda larvae sp. 2

Gut

?

hx

end

l/e

u

E

Nematoda

Paracapillaria gibsoni

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

s, aut

all

Cucullanus heterochrous

Gut

Final

hx

end

m/e

g, aut

all

Dichelyne minutus

Gut

Final

hx

end

m/e

g, aut,

E, H, O, S

Goezia sp.

Gut

Final

hx

end

m

u

E, O, S

Hysterothylacium aduncum

Gut, liver

Final

hx

end

m/e

g, aut

all

Acanthocephala

Corynosoma sp.

Gut

Intermediate

hx

end

m

u

E, H, O, S

Echinorhynchus gadi

Gut

Final

hx

end

m/e

g, aut

E, H, I

Pomphorhynchus laevis

Gut

Final

hx

end

l

?

I

Copepoda

Acanthochondria cornuta

Gill cavity

Final

mx

ec

m

g, aut

all

Caligus elongatus

Skin

Final

mx

ec

m

g, aut

E, H, O, S

Holobomolochus confusus

Nose cavity

Final

mx

ec

m

g, aut

all

Lernaeocera branchialis

Gills

Intermediate

hx

ec

m

g, aut

all

Lepeophtheirus pectoralis

Skin, fins

Final

mx

ec

m

g, aut

all