Fig. 3
From: Human transformations of the Wadden Sea ecosystem through time: a synthesis
Causes for species extinctions in the Wadden Sea. Number of extinctions that were fully or partly caused by exploitation (Expl), habitat change or destruction (Hab), pollution (Pol), climate change (Cli) or disease (Dis). There is no known case of extinction caused by an invasive species (Inv). Different shades refer to marine mammals (light grey), birds (cross-hatched), fish (black), invertebrates (white), and seaweeds (grey hatched). Data from von Nordheim et al. (1996); Wolff (2000a, 2000b); Lotze (2005)