Table 1 Species of pinnotherid crabs from the western Atlantic Ocean with known larval stages and respective references

Austinixa aidae (Righi 1967)

ZI

Present study

Austinixa bragantina (Coelho 2005)

ZI-V + M

Lima (2009)

Austinixa cristata (Rathbun 1900)

ZI

Dowds (1980)

Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun 1918)

ZI-V(?) + M?

Boschi (1981)

Clypeasterophilus stebbingi (Rathbun 1918)

ZI-IV + M

Marques and Pohle (1996)

Dissodactylus crinitichelis (Moreira 1901)

ZI-III + M

Pohle and Telford (1981)

Dissodactylus mellitae (Rathbun 1900)

ZI

Sandifer (1972)

Gemmotheres chamae (Roberts 1975)

ZI-III + M

Roberts (1975)

Orthotheres barbatus (Desbonne 1867)

ZI-II + M

Bolaños et al. (2005)

Pinnaxodes chilensis (H. Milne Edwards 1837)

ZI

Gutiérrez-Martinez (1971)

Pinnixa chaetopterana (Stimpson 1860)

ZI-V + M

Hyman (1925), Sandifer (1972)

Pinnixa cylindrica (Say 1818)

ZI

Hyman (1925), Sandifer (1972)

Pinnixa gracilipes (Coelho 1997)

ZI-V + M

Lima et al. (2006)

Pinnixa sayana (Stimpson 1860)

ZI-V + M

Hyman (1925), Sandifer (1972)

Tumidotheres maculatus (Say 1818)

ZI-V + M

Costlow and Bookhout (1966)

Tunicotheres moseri (Rathbun 1918)

ZI-II + M

Bolaños et al. (2004)

Zaops ostreum (Say 1817)

ZI-IV + M

Hyman (1925), Sandifer (1972)