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Table 1 Analyses of variance on total abundance (N), diversity indices (S, N1, N10) and abundance of 36 selected species, in relation to habitats (2 levels, fixed), areas (4 levels, nested in habitat) and sites (5 levels, nested in area and habitat)

From: Anthropogenic disturbance and spatial heterogeneity of macrobenthic invertebrate assemblages in coastal lagoons: the study case of Pialassa Baiona (northern Adriatic Sea)

 

Source of variation

Habitat (1 df)

Area (Habitat) (6 df)

Site (Area (Habitat)) (32 df)

Residual (40 df)

 

Transf.

Cochran’s C

MS

F

P

MS

F

P

MS

F

P

MS

S

None

ns

208.0125

1.12

0.3310 ns

185.9792

6.02

0.0003***

30.9063

3.45

0.0001***

8.9625

N1

None

P < 0.01

3.7761

0.55

0.4859 ns

6.8534

1.48

0.2171 ns

4.6268

1.72

0.0524 ns

2.6679

N10

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

0.0007

0.07

0.7960 ns

0.0098

2.52

0.0413*

0.0039

2.11

0.0127*

0.0018

Abra segmentum

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

30.2879

1.52

0.2642 ns

19.9723

2.18

0.0705 ns

9.1427

12.17

0.0000***

0.7512

Actiniaria indet.

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

33.4306

1.05

0.3440 ns

31.6899

5.35

0.0006***

5.9257

3.38

0.0002***

1.7551

Amphipholis squamata

Ln (X + 0.001)

ns

148.9852

1.94

0.2128 ns

76.6884

3.9

0.0050**

19.6873

2.96

0.0006***

6.6426

Brania sp.

Ln (X + 0.01)

ns

0.5329

0.03

0.8773 ns

20.5307

2.54

0.0398*

8.0786

2.68

0.0017**

3.0155

Capitella capitata

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

6.0392

0.41

0.5452 ns

14.6999

2.42

0.0482*

6.0679

1.96

0.0218*

3.0892

Cerastoderma glaucum

Ln (X + 1)

ns

0.1080

0.40

0.5496 nsa

0.2689

0.53

0.7841 ns

0.5109

2.51

0.0032**

0.2039

Chironomus salinarius

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

24.1505

0.89

0.3823 ns

27.182

3.65

0.0071**

7.4459

15.18

0.0000***

0.4906

Cirriformia tentaculata

X^0.1

ns

0.4247

0.58

0.4766 ns

0.7372

1.74

0.1447 ns

0.4247

3.43

0.0001**

0.1240

Cirrophorus furcatus

X^0.01

ns

0.8165

2.22

0.1869 ns

0.368

4.01

0.0042**

0.0917

1.2

0.2862 ns

0.0761

Corophium insidiosum

Ln (X + 1)

P < 0.05

39.0638

4.51

0.0779 ns

8.6634

1.62

0.1741 ns

5.3510

8.05

0.0000**

0.6648

Corophium acherusicum

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

75.8199

3.56

0.108 ns

21.2817

3.96

0.0045**

5.3706

6.5

0.0000**

0.8267

Cyathura carinata

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

2.302

0.14

0.7224 ns

16.6009

2.63

0.0343*

6.3006

4.48

0.0000***

1.4073

Cyclope neritea

None

ns

63.0125

1.19

0.3164 ns

52.7625

9.41

0.0000***

5.6063

3.65

0.0001***

1.5375

Desdemona ornata

Ln (X + 0.0001)

ns

10.4866

0.14

0.7183 ns

73.3367

4.18

0.0033**

17.5615

1.78

0.0419*

9.8556

Gammarus aequicauda

Ln (X + 1)

ns

13.4917

0.63

0.4588 ns

21.5387

5.95

0.0003***

3.6222

8.04

0.0000***

0.4504

Hediste diversicolor

None

ns

9.8000

2.97

0.1356 ns

3.3000

1.27

0.3004 nsa

2.6063

1.24

0.2566 ns

2.1000

Hydrobia cfr. ventrosa

None

ns

207570.31250

8.09

0.0294*

25656.4958

1.86

0.1189 ns

13803.3188

8.25

0.0000***

1672.2875

Hydroides dianthus

Ln (X + 0.001)

ns

0.9514

0.02

0.8835 ns

40.7147

2.33

0.0557 ns

17.4634

2.95

0.0007***

5.9139

Idotea balthica

Ln (X + 1)

ns

1.1864

0.17

0.6961 ns

7.0589

3.3

0.0122*

2.1415

2.83

0.0010**

0.7576

Malacoceros cfr. fuliginosus

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

21.5628

4.34

0.0823 ns

4.9657

0.98

0.4566 ns

5.082

12.4

0.0000***

0.4097

   

Pooling

4.26

0.0459*

5.0637

12.36

     

Marphysa sanguinea

Ln (X + 1)

ns

2.7682

2.59

0.1583ns

1.0668

2.01

0.0940 ns

0.5319

6.18

0.0000***

0.0861

Melita palmata

Ln (X + 1)

ns

17.0318

6.48

0.0438*

2.6300

3.66

0.0070**

0.7180

2.44

0.0040**

0.2945

Microdeutopus gryllotalpa

Ln (X + 1)

ns

0.0100

0.00

0.9775 ns

11.6349

3.47

0.0093**

3.3519

4.83

0.0000***

0.6936

Musculista senhousia

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

1.6531

0.06

0.8194 ns

29.0466

7.71

0.0000***

3.7665

3.58

0.0001***

1.0519

Mytilus galloprovincialis

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

19.6285

5.07

0.0653 ns

3.8699

1.03

0.4234 ns

3.7528

2.46

0.0037**

1.5267

   

Pooling

5.20

0.0282*

3.7713

2.4702

     

Neanthes succinea

Sqrt (X + 1)

ns

1.2183

1.45

0.2734 nsa

0.8384

0.89

0.5127 ns

0.9403

8.23

0.0000***

0.1142

Nebalia sp.

Ln (X + 0.1)

ns

0.2192

0.08

0.7929 ns

2.9097

1.57

0.1894 ns

1.8589

1.23

0.2626 ns

1.5071

Nematoda

Ln (X + 1)

ns

24.4264

1.56

0.2580 ns

15.6459

3.76

0.0061**

4.1655

3.61

0.0001***

1.1526

Nemertina

Ln (X + 1)

ns

1.5073

0.42

0.5428 ns

3.6239

2.29

0.0596 ns

1.5826

2.73

0.0014**

0.5787

Polydora ciliata

None

ns

2101.2500

0.17

0.6954 nsa

12440.0833

0.86

0.5363 ns

14509.1938

28.65

0.0000***

506.3500

Sabellaria alcocki

Ln (X + 0.01)

P < 0.05

0.8416

3.09

0.1292 ns

0.2723

1.90

0.1122 ns

0.1437

2.81

0.0011*

0.0511

Streblospio shrubsolii

Ln (X + 0.01)

ns

66.7832

3.75

0.1008 ns

17.7898

1.17

0.3452 ns

15.1688

2.95

0.0007***

5.1469

   

Pooling

4.29

0.0453*

15.5826

3.0276

     

Tanais dulongii

Ln (X + 0.001)

P < 0.05

77.1643

1.78

0.2303 ns

43.3036

3.02

0.0187 ns

14.3307

4.77

0.0000**

3.0058

Ruditapes philippinarum

Ln (X + 1)

ns

3.5934

2.97

0.1358 ns

1.2112

2.31

0.0574 ns

0.5236

4.36

0.0000***

0.1201

Trypanosyllis zebra

Ln (X + 0.0001)

ns

15.1364

0.72

0.4281 nsa

20.9672

0.71

0.6436 ns

29.5097

4.83

0.0000***

6.1075

Tubificidae

None

ns

20320.3125

0.82

0.4011 ns

24898.2792

2.12

0.0783 ns

11749.7625

2.89

0.0008***

4071.6875

  1. Significant levels were indicated by the following symbols: ns = not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. When variances were slightly heterogeneous (Cochran’s C test: 0.01 < P < 0.05) even after transformation, the significant level was reduced to P < 0.01 (* P < 0.01; ** P < 0.001)
  2. aNot significant also after pooling of nested factors