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Table 2 Mean trace metal concentrations (μg g−1 dry weight) in coral species (skeleton plus tissue) collected from the sampling reef sites (n = 3 per site)

From: Heavy metals distribution in the coral reef ecosystems of the Northern Red Sea

Metal

Species

Locations

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

Cu

Acropora hemprichi

2.10 (0.32)

–

9.54 (0.89)

–

3.20 (0.36)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

2.19 (0.25)

1.15 (0.27)

10.44 (1.28)

7.19 (0.86)

2.63 (0.36)

4.05 (0.54)

1.56 (0.37)

Acropora humilis

2.98 (0.34)

–

–

8.66 (0.91)

3.25 (0.36)

1.28 (0.14)

1.35 (0.11)

Stylophora pistillata

2.13 (0.20)

1.73 (0.21)

8.35 (1.14)

–

3.00 (0.33)

1.77 (0.35)

2.50 (0.32)

Lithophyton arboreum

3.21 (0.58)

2.92 (0.49)

3.63 (0.16)

–

5.00 (0.39)

3.38 (0.43)

2.60 (0.27)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

4.95 (0.60)

–

13.66 (1.55)

4.65 (0.95)

4.25 (0.65)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

5.50 (1.18)

–

4.13 (0.19)

9.39 (0.77)

4.88 (0.53)

2.83 (0.26)

3.33 (0.28)

Zn

Acropora hemprichi

58.35 (2.87)

–

36.63 (2.60)

–

26.09 (1.88)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

21.22 (2.43)

6.73 (0.62)

45.08 (2.80)

17.46 (1.46)

19.99 (2.04)

32.65 (2.93)

0.54 (0.09)

Acropora humilis

25.94 (2.43)

–

–

56.72 (2.46)

8.12 (1.49)

20.62 (2.48)

3.18 (0.41)

Stylophora pistillata

15.68 (1.58)

9.28 (0.92)

41.44 (2.48)

–

20.48 (1.86)

5.66 (0.92)

7.62 (0.95)

Lithophyton arboreum

58.19 (4.33)

82.56 (7.29)

81.19 (3.87)

–

82.39 (3.98)

123.60 (12.43)

61.13 (3.91)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

29.85 (2.46)

–

37.06 (2.63)

74.50 (5.51)

59.06 (2.35)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

31.28 (3.66)

–

141.30 (16.87)

50.30 (4.46)

31.36 (2.33)

51.61 (3.78)

38.67 (3.53)

Pb

Acropora hemprichi

9.16 (0.85)

–

7.12 (0.86)

–

31.42 (3.19)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

16.36 (1.47)

29.96 (2.96)

8.59 (0.97)

27.27 (2.72)

32.72 (2.92)

29.45 (3.18)

24.54 (2.36)

Acropora humilis

14.18 (0.52)

–

–

26.18 (1.78)

25.45 (2.38)

25.20 (3.27)

21.27 (2.15)

Stylophora pistillata

12.36 (1.27)

26.47 (1.72)

6.89 (0.35)

–

29.09 (2.32)

24.72 (2.52)

30.54 (2.77)

Lithophyton arboreum

36.00 (2.53)

14.54 (1.29)

28.40 (3.49)

–

36.36 (2.97)

34.36 (2.93)

14.18 (2.39)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

18.54 (1.69)

–

11.63 (1.09)

20.29 (1.95)

24.72 (2.06)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

36.00 (2.59)

–

16.36 (1.14)

32.07 (2.67)

36.01 (2.01)

27.81 (1.63)

26.18 (2.10)

Cd

Acropora hemprichi

0.60 (0.03)

–

1.34 (0.20)

–

3.76 (0.52)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

1.31 (0.15)

3.54 (0.49)

2.05 (0.28)

2.07 (0.31)

3.04 (0.20)

3.10 (0.30)

1.82 (0.31)

Acropora humilis

1.62 (0.23)

–

–

2.11 (0.25)

3.26 (0.66)

2.79 (0.35)

1.84 (0.19)

Stylophora pistillata

0.54 (0.03)

3.06 (0.44)

1.26 (0.09)

–

3.33 (0.61)

2.88 (0.23)

2.78 (0.24)

Lithophyton arboreum

4.56 (0.76)

1.40 (0.17)

2.47 (0.32)

–

2.92 (0.31)

4.11 (0.48)

3.10 (0.36)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

2.41 (0.24)

–

0.89 (0.12)

1.58 (0.21)

1.69 (0.19)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

3.82 (0.43)

–

9.59 (0.69)

3.52 (0.33)

4.11 (0.40)

1.98 (0.24)

2.51 (0.20)

Ni

Acropora hemprichi

1.35 (0.17)

–

8.22 (0.75)

–

14.53 (1.56)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

5.74 (0.74)

12.11 (0.79)

9.01 (0.15)

7.11 (0.72)

11.74 (1.10)

11.66 (1.15)

9.84 (0.98)

Acropora humilis

6.25 (0.50)

–

–

10.02 (0.66)

9.83 (0.64)

8.10 (0.65)

10.97 0.80)

Stylophora pistillata

1.61 (0.17)

13.22 (1.13)

7.88 (0.62)

–

11.47 (0.72)

13.20 (0.85)

13.65 (0.64)

Lithophyton arboreum

18.20 (1.29)

7.11 (0.58)

11.23 (0.79)

–

11.65 (0.66)

12.15 (0.83)

6.84 (0.34)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

8.56 (0.70)

–

4.20 (0.31)

3.81 (0.24)

3.15 (0.30)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

14.20 (1.04)

–

186.00 (8.54)

13.13 (0.52)

15.83 (1.00)

9.34 (0.65)

12.20 (0.91)

Co

Acropora hemprichi

1.38 (0.16)

–

3.70 (0.38)

–

6.36 (0.60)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

1.97 (0.18)

5.86 (0.64)

5.29 (0.51)

4.63 (0.53)

5.36 (0.59)

5.56 (0.54)

5.36 (0.43)

Acropora humilis

3.11 (0.34)

–

–

4.45 (0.46)

4.07 (0.38)

5.01 (0.23)

5.00 (0.31)

Stylophora pistillata

1.74 (0.20)

5.25 (0.54)

4.64 (0.27)

–

6.00 (0.45)

5.58 (0.56)

5.74 (0.52)

Lithophyton arboreum

4.87 (0.32)

2.45 (0.21)

5.16 (0.50)

–

4.71 (0.41)

6.52 (0.61)

4.33 (0.41)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

3.12 (0.35)

–

1.36 (0.11)

3.45 (0.32)

3.11 (0.36)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

7.71 (0.64)

–

7.10 (0.22)

7.45 (0.50)

7.68 (0.61)

5.03 (0.47)

4.71 (0.42)

Fe

Acropora hemprichi

22.61 (1.76)

–

286.21 (35.89)

–

37.77 (2.55)

–

–

Acropora pharaonis

27.28 (1.76)

32.74 (2.66)

321.54 (32.28)

33.41 (1.71)

21.44 (1.67)

23.84 (1.62)

30.89 (1.84)

Acropora humilis

90.01 (4.52)

–

–

60.77 (3.00)

20.19 (1.54)

13.25 (1.30)

40.26 (1.84)

Stylophora pistillata

16.87 (1.17)

61.08 (2.18)

297.30 (18.48)

–

26.54 (1.54)

24.23 (1.56)

25.19 (1.60)

Lithophyton arboreum

50.43 (2.73)

125.90 8.91)

55.38 (2.59)

–

44.23 (1.94)

44.16 (2.09)

44.58 (1.73)

Sarcophyton trocheliophorum

36.49 (1.60)

–

27.31 (1.33)

32.95 (1.67)

121.10 (6.17)

–

–

Sinularia spp.

44.61 (1.72)

–

45.67 (2.04)

55.08 (2.26)

38.32 (1.78)

17.69 (1.19)

57.31 (2.44)

  1. Numbers in parentheses indicate the standard deviations (SD)
  2. Hard corals: Acropora hemprichi, Acropora pharaonis, Acropora humilis and Stylophora pistillata. Soft corals: Lithophyton arboreum, Sarcophyton trocheliophorum and Sinularia spp
  3. –: not determined