Table 1 Dinoflagellate taxa and their seasonality as well as maximum cell concentrations, the mean biovolume and mean carbon content of each taxon as recorded during the 2.5 years of microzooplankton monitoring
From: Dinoflagellates and ciliates at Helgoland Roads, North Sea
Dinoflagellates | Assigned trophy | Observed seasonality | Maximum (cells L−1) | Months with maxima | Biovolume (μm³ cell−1) | Carbon (pg cell−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Order Peridiniales | ||||||
Diplopsalis lenticula | HT | Jan–Dec | 1,800 | May | 68,147 | 6,909 |
Heterocapsa cf. niei | MT | Jan–Dec | 135,270 | May | 273 | 75 |
Heterocapsa cf. rotundata | MT | May–Sep | 5,700 | Jun | 1,077 | 231 |
Protoperidinium bipes | HT | Jan–Dec | 2,360 | May | 7,079 | 1,081 |
Protoperidinium brevipes | HT | Feb–Dec | 1,080 | Apr | 17,106 | 2,227 |
Protoperidinium cf. claudicans | HT | Apr–Oct | 120 | Oct | 88,488 | 8,557 |
Protoperidinium cf. conicum | HT | Apr–Dec | 240 | May/Aug | 82,966 | 8,117 |
Protoperidinium cf. divergens | HT | Jan–??? | 20 | Jan | 88,804 | 8,582 |
Protoperidinium cf. leonis | HT | Mar–Oct | 1,720 | Jul | 50,915 | 5,442 |
Protoperidinium cf. minutum group | HT | May–Dec | 1,920 | Jul | 20,206 | 2,553 |
Protoperidinium cf. obtusum | HT | Jun–Oct | 200 | Aug | 146,909 | 12,961 |
Protoperidinium cf. pyriforme group | HT | Mar–Jan | 4,520 | May | 16,085 | 2,118 |
Protoperidinium cf. subinerme | HT | May–Dec | 220 | May | 121,344 | 11,082 |
Protoperidinium denticulatum | HT | Mar–Nov | 80 | Jun/Sep | 40,351 | 4,498 |
Protoperidinium depressum | HT | May–Nov | 80 | Jul | 513,443 | 36,117 |
Protoperidinium excentricum | HT | Apr–Dec | 40 | Apr/Sep | 49,635 | 5,329 |
Protoperidinium ovatum | HT | Mar–Oct | 280 | Apr | 134,256 | 12,039 |
Protoperidinium pellucidum | HT | Mar–Jun | 3,560 | May | 68,392 | 6,929 |
Protoperidinium pentagonum | HT | May–Dec | 40 | May/Jul/Aug | 700,146 | 46,561 |
Protoperidinium sp. 20–30 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 1,120 | Sep | 8,567 | 1,264 |
Protoperidinium sp. 30–40 μm | HT | Mar–Aug | 560 | May/Aug | 31,686 | 3,690 |
Protoperidinium thorianum | HT | Mar–Nov | 220 | Mar | 119,459 | 10,941 |
Pyrophacus horologicum | MT | Jun–Sep | 80 | Sep | 56,845 | 5,955 |
Scrippsiella/Pentapharsodinium sp. | MT | Jan–Dec | 74,965 | Aug | 11,680 | 1,630 |
Order Gymnodiniales | ||||||
Akashiwo sanguinea | MT | Apr–Dec | 56,480 | Oct | 50,539 | 5,409 |
Amphidinium crassum | HT | Apr–Jan | 1,460 | Jun | 5,089 | 825 |
Amphidinium cf. sphenoides | HT | Aug–Feb | 60 | Aug/Dec | 3,215 | 566 |
Lepidodinium chlorophorum | MT | Jul–Jan | 483,402 | Aug | 3,823 | 653 |
Gymnodinium sp. 20 μm | MT | Jan–Dec | 1,600 | Nov | 2,817 | 508 |
Gymnodinium sp. 30 μm | MT | Jan–Dec | 1,280 | Jul | 13,343 | 1,817 |
Gymnodinium sp. 50 μm | MT | Mar–??? | 20 | Mar | 43,000 | 4,738 |
Gyrodinium calyptoglyphe | HT | Jan–Dec | 180 | Jan | 11,875 | 1,652 |
Gyrodinium/Gymnodinium spp. < 15 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 74,965 | Oct | 733 | 169 |
Gyrodinium sp. 20 μm | HT | Jul–Apr | 34,578 | Oct | 1,014 | 220 |
Gyrodinium sp. 20–30 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 5,160 | Oct | 3,896 | 663 |
Gyrodinium sp. 30–50 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 7,280 | Jul | 8,774 | 1,289 |
Gyrodinium sp. 50–75 μm | HT | Feb–Dec | 5,560 | Apr | 28,746 | 3,407 |
Gyrodinium sp. 75–100 μm | HT | Feb–Dec | 1,320 | Apr | 54,520 | 5,755 |
Gyrodinium sp. 100–150 μm | HT | Mar– Nov | 2,080 | May | 178,637 | 15,212 |
Katodinium sp. < 15 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 30,705 | Aug | 472 | 118 |
Katodinium sp. 20 μm | HT | Jan–Dec | 5,256 | Jun | 1,417 | 290 |
Katodinium glaucum | HT | Jan–Dec | 10,400 | Aug | 5,599 | 892 |
Nematodinium sp. | HT | Jun–Dec | 560 | Nov | 16,428 | 2,155 |
Polykrikos kofoidii | HT | May–Nov | 940 | Oct | 126,028 | 11,431 |
Torodinium robustum 35 μm | MT | Jan–Dec | 1,440 | Apr | 5,750 | 912 |
Torodinium robustum 60 μm | MT | Jan–Dec | 620 | Aug | 16,342 | 2,145 |
Warnowia sp. | HT | Oct–Jul | 4,560 | May | 10,799 | 1,528 |
Order Gonyaulacales | ||||||
Ceratium furca | MT | Apr–Jan | 300 | May | 34,730 | 3,978 |
Ceratium fusus | MT | Jan–Dec | 4,520 | Jul | 20,830 | 2,617 |
Ceratium horridum | MT | Sep–Jun | 340 | Jan | 65,256 | 6,668 |
Ceratium lineatum | MT | May–Jan | 5,740 | Jun | 30,563 | 3,583 |
Gonyaulax cf. spinifera | MT | Jun–Aug | 280 | Aug | 22,327 | 2,770 |
Peridiniella cf. danica | HT | Apr–Jan | 12,172 | Jun | 1,424 | 291 |
Order Prorocentrales | ||||||
Mesoporos sp. | MT | Jan–Dec | 1,360 | Aug | 3,709 | 637 |
Prorocentrum balticum | MT | Jan–Dec | 32,780 | Jun | 655 | 154 |
Prorocentrum micans | MT | Jan–Dec | 3,960 | Jul | 10,414 | 1,483 |
Prorocentrum triestinum | MT | Jul–Dec | 56,432 | Aug | 2,106 | 401 |
Order Noctilucales | ||||||
Noctiluca scintillans | HT | May–Jan | 820 | Jun | 166,670,105 | 308,671 |
Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca | HT | Apr–Aug | 20 | Apr/Aug | 960,073 | 60,300 |
Order Dinophysiales | ||||||
Dinophysis sp. | MT | Jan–Dec | 1,560 | Aug | 20,320 | 2,564 |