Table 1 Activity patterns of intertidal grapsoids (Grapsidae, Sesarmidae and Varunidae)
| Â | Time of activity | Type of refuge | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Varunidae | |||
Hemigrapsus oregonensis | High tides | Inside burrows during low tide | |
Hemigrapsus sanguineus | High tides | Under stones or boulders during diurnal low tides | |
Gaetice depressus | High tides | Under stones or boulders during diurnal low tides | Lohrer et al. 2000 |
Acmaeopleura parvula | High tides | Under stones or boulders during diurnal low tides | Lohrer et al. 2000 |
Cyclograpsus insularum | High tides | Under stones or boulders during low tides | Brockerhoff and McLay 2005 |
Cyclograpsus lavauxi | High tides | Under stones or boulders during low tides | Brockerhoff and McLay 2005 |
Helice tridens | High tides | Inside burrows during low tides | Kurihara et al. 1988 |
Helicana (=Helice) japonica | High tides | Inside burrows during low tides | Omori et al. 1997 |
Cyrtograpsus angulatus | Active in the air–water boundary during both high and low tides | Under stones or boulders, inside N. granulata burrows if available or migration to the subtidal (low tides) | Boschi 1964; personal observations |
Cyrtograpsus altimanus | Not observed | Under stones or boulders, or inside Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) reefs (low tides) | Spivak 1999 |
Metaplax elegans | Low tides | Inside burrows | Ng and Sivasothi 2001 |
Helograpsus haswellianus | Low tides | Inside burrows during high tides | Breitfuss 2003 |
Paragrapsus gaimardii | Nocturnal low tides | Buried in sand during the day | Snow 1973 |
Austrohelice (=Helice) crassa | Low and high tides | Inside burrows | Williams et al.1985 |
Neohelice granulata | Mainly during high tides; less frequently during low tides; diurnal or nocturnal; activity varied among sites | Inside burrows (low tides) | This paper |
Chasmagnathus convexus | Low tides nocturnal | Inside burrows | Nakasone et al. 1982 |
Grapsidae | |||
Pachygrapsus socius (= P. transversus) | Diurnal and nocturnal low tides | In rock holes and crevices during high tides | Abele et al. 1986 |
P. marmoratus | Nocturnal low tides | In rock crevices during high tides | |
P. crassipes in salt marshes | Above and below the water line during low tides; movement changed during the tidal amplitude cycle | Inside H. oregonensis burrows | |
P. crassipes in rocky shore | Nocturnal low tides | In rock holes and crevices during high tides | Hiatt 1948 |
Metopograpsus thukuhar | Mainly at low tides but also at high tides | In crevices of mangle roots (Rhizophora mucronata) | Fratini et al. 2000 |
Grapsus grapsus | Low tides | In crevices or on the surface of rocks | Romero 2003 |
Grapsus tenuicristatus | Diurnal low and high tides | In crevices at night | Eshky 1999 |
G. adscensionis | Diurnal low tides | In crevices or on the surface of rocks during nocturnal low and high tides and diurnal high tides | Hartnoll 2009 |
Sesarmidae | |||
Sesarma reticulatum | Nocturnal high tides | Inside burrows during low tides | |
Armases (=Sesarma) cinereum | Nocturnal | Diurnal, under boards and debris | |
Sesarma leptosoma | Diurnal activity (tree climbing); non-tidal in the morning; related with high tides in the evening | In crevices of mangle roots (Rhizophora mucronata) | Vannini et al. 1997 |