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Table 1 Diet composition of T. thynnus and dietary indexes calculated for each prey item: abundance percentage (%N), weight percentage (%W), frequency of occurrence (%F), index of relative abundance (IRI), IRI percentage (%IRI)

From: Feeding habits of the Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (L. 1758), in the central Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina)

Class and order

Family

Species

%N

%W

%F

IRI

%IRI

Hydrozoa

Siphonophora

Diphyidae

Diphyidae unid.

0.503

0.002

8.929

4.514

0.135

Crustacea

Amphipoda

Phronimidae

Phronima sedentaria (Forskal, 1775)

0.344

0.009

3.571

1.263

0.038

Phrosinidae

Phrosina semilunata (Risso, 1882)

0.212

0.009

4.464

0.984

0.030

Platyscelidae

Platyscelus ovoides (Risso, 1816)

0.053

0.002

1.786

0.098

0.003

Lycaeidae

Lycaeidae unid.

0.424

0.000

0.893

0.379

0.011

Copepoda

 

Copepoda unid.

0.026

0.000

0.893

0.024

0.001

Decapoda

Aristeidae

Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827)

0.026

0.144

0.893

0.152

0.005

Benthesicymidae

Gennadas elegans (Smith, 1882)

0.026

0.002

0.893

0.025

0.001

Sergestidae

Sergestes corniculum (Kroyer, 1855)

19.439

1.270

15.179

314.331

9.433

Sergestes robustus (Smith, 1882)

16.552

1.671

16.964

309.138

9.277

Oplophoridae

Acanthephyra purpurea (Milne-Edwards, 1881)

0.026

0.003

0.893

0.027

0.001

Pasiphaeidae

Pasiphaea multidentata (Esmark, 1866)

0.662

0.071

5.357

3.927

0.118

Pasiphaea sivado (Risso, 1816)

0.079

0.012

1.786

0.164

0.005

Pasiphaea sp.

0.132

0.005

1.786

0.246

0.007

Crustacea unid.

0.026

0.000

0.893

0.024

0.001

Cephalopoda

Sepiolida

Sepiolidae

Heteroteuthis dispar (Rüppell, 1844)

0.477

0.161

7.143

4.555

0.137

Teuthida

Brachioteuthidae

Brachioteuthis riisei (Steenstrup, 1882)

0.026

0.013

0.893

0.036

0.001

Cranchiidae

Galiteuthis armata (Joubin, 1898)

0.026

0.006

0.893

0.029

0.001

Thysanoteuthidae

Thysanoteuthis rhombus (Troschel, 1857)

0.026

5.651

0.893

5.069

0.152

Enoploteuthidae

Abralia veranyi (Férussac, 1835)

0.238

0.149

3.571

1.384

0.042

Abraliopsis morisii (Vérany, 1839).

0.106

0.011

1.786

0.210

0.006

Pyroteuthidae

Pyroteuthis margaritifera (Ruppell, 1844)

0.053

0.006

0.893

0.053

0.002

Onycoteuthidae

Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817)

0.556

0.298

7.143

6.102

0.183

Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii (Férussac, 1835)

0.053

0.030

1.786

0.148

0.004

Ommastrephidae

Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821)

1.033

1.723

7.143

19.686

0.591

Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839)

2.860

11.200

33.929

477.055

14.316

Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)

0.477

2.305

7.143

19.867

0.596

Histioteuthidae

Histioteuthis bonnellii (Férussac, 1835)

0.821

2.166

8.929

26.669

0.800

Histioteuthis reversa (Verrill, 1880)

0.053

0.606

1.786

1.177

0.035

Octopoteuthidae

Octopoteuthis sicula Rüppell, 1844

0.026

0.015

0.893

0.037

0.001

Chiroteuthidae

Chiroteuthis veranyi (Férussac, 1835)

0.079

0.458

2.679

1.439

0.043

 

Teuthida unid.

0.026

0.002

0.893

0.026

0.001

Myopsida

Loliginidae

Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798

0.026

0.007

0.893

0.030

0.001

Octopoda

Argonautidae

Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758

0.212

0.272

5.357

2.590

0.078

Cephalopoda unid.

0.159

0.024

5.357

0.979

0.029

Tunicata

Salpida

 

Salpida ind

0.583

0.043

1.786

1.117

0.034

 

Pyrosomatidae

Pyrosoma atlanticum Péron, 1804

0.132

0.033

0.893

0.147

0.004

Doliolida

Doliolidae

Doliolum sp.

1.033

0.067

5.357

5.890

0.177

Teleostea

Aulopiformes

Paralepididae

Paralepis coregonoides Risso, 1820

0.053

0.005

1.786

0.104

0.003

Paralepis speciosa Bellotti, 1878

0.026

0.010

0.893

0.032

0.001

Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810

0.079

0.029

2.679

0.290

0.009

Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840)

0.079

0.022

2.679

0.272

0.008

Paralepididae unid.

0.026

0.015

0.893

0.037

0.001

Clupeiformes

Clupeidae

Sardinella aurita (Valenciennes, 1847)

0.106

2.476

2.679

6.917

0.208

Perciformes

Carangidae

Caranx crysos (Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1809)

0.026

3.113

0.893

2.803

0.084

Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)

0.318

11.167

7.143

82.033

2.462

Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)

0.053

0.028

1.786

0.145

0.004

Trachurus sp.

0.079

0.131

0.893

0.188

0.006

Carangidae unid.

0.026

1.161

0.893

1.061

0.032

Centracanthidae

Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.053

0.261

1.786

0.560

0.017

Centrolophidae

Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)

0.026

0.020

0.893

0.041

0.001

Schedophilus medusophagus (Cocco, 1839)

0.026

0.027

0.893

0.048

0.001

Nomeidae

Cubiceps gracilis (Lowe, 1843)

0.026

0.024

0.893

0.045

0.001

Scombridae

Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810)

0.026

4.320

0.893

3.881

0.116

Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)

0.026

4.213

0.893

3.786

0.114

Scomber japonicus (Gmelin, 1789)

0.026

0.662

0.893

0.614

0.018

Sparidae

Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.344

3.934

5.357

22.918

0.688

Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1810)

0.026

0.629

0.893

0.585

0.018

Sarpa Salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.026

1.393

0.893

1.268

0.038

Sparidae unid.

0.132

0.074

3.571

0.736

0.022

Trichiuridae

Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788)

0.106

1.154

2.679

3.376

0.101

Beloniformes

Belonidae

Belone belone gracilis (Linnaeus, 1761)

0.026

0.005

0.893

0.028

0.001

Scomberesocidae

Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792)

0.265

0.134

3.571

1.426

0.043

Stomiiformes

Gonostomatidae

Gonostoma denudatum Rafinesque, 1810

0.053

0.068

1.786

0.216

0.006

Phosichthyidae

Ichthyococcus ovatus (Cocco, 1838)

0.106

0.011

0.893

0.105

0.003

Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco, 1838)

0.715

0.022

7.143

5.263

0.158

Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco, 1838)

0.079

0.027

1.786

0.190

0.006

Sternoptychidae

Argyropelecus hemygimnus Cocco, 1829

0.079

0.023

1.786

0.182

0.005

Maurolicus muelleri Gmelin, 1789

0.715

0.224

14.286

13.411

0.402

Stomiidae

Chauliodus sloani Bloch & Schneider, 1810

10.832

13.711

20.536

504.003

15.124

Stomias boa boa (Risso, 1810)

0.079

0.032

2.679

0.298

0.009

Myctophiformes

Myctophidae

Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt, 1837)

1.377

0.344

7.143

12.296

0.369

Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe, 1839)

8.316

2.317

36.607

389.215

11.680

Diaphus holti Tåning, 1918

1.457

0.265

12.500

21.525

0.646

Electrona risso Cocco, 1829

1.192

0.292

6.250

9.276

0.278

Hygophum benoiti (Cocco, 1838)

15.810

4.994

36.607

761.597

22.854

Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892)

0.980

0.073

8.929

9.398

0.282

Lampanyctus crocodilus Risso, 1810

0.900

0.531

6.250

8.950

0.269

Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890)

0.265

0.026

3.571

1.039

0.031

Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque, 1810

3.708

1.272

25.893

128.946

3.869

Notoscopelus elongatus (Costa, 1844)

1.536

0.237

9.821

17.415

0.523

Symbolophorus veranyi (Moreau, 1888)

0.026

0.031

0.893

0.051

0.002

Zeiformes

Caproidae

Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.344

1.870

1.786

3.955

0.119

Gadiformes

Gadidae

Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)

0.053

0.253

0.893

0.273

0.008

Merluccidae

Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.026

0.122

0.893

0.132

0.004

Anguilliformes

Anguillidae

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

0.662

9.558

8.929

91.247

2.738

Osmeiformes

Microstomatidae

Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810)

0.106

0.126

2.679

0.620

0.019

Nansenia oblita (Facciolà, 1887)

0.053

0.011

1.786

0.114

0.003

Teleostea unid.

0.900

0.106

9.821

9.880

0.296

  1. Unid. unidentified
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Helgoland Marine Research

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