Study | Location | Development temperature (°C) | Time to hatching (months) | Capsule size (length mm) | No. of eggs per capsule | Egg diameter (μm) | % of eggs that develop | No. of veligers per capsule | No. hatching juveniles per capsule | Length of shell at hatching (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Portmann (1925) | Roscoff, France | 5–9 | n/a | n/a | 50–>2,000 | n/a | n/a | av. 30 | av. 10 | n/a |
Hancock (1967) | Burnham on Crouch, UK | n/a | 3–4 | n/a | ≤3,000 | n/a | n/a | 13–14 | n/a | n/a |
Fretter and Graham (1985) | n/a | n/a | 3–9 | 6–12 | 500–3,000 | 200–300 | n/a | av. 30 | 3–10 | 1–1.4 |
Martel et al. (1986a) | Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada | 2–3 | 5–8 | n/a | 2,700 | n/a | 1.10 | av. 30 | av. 30 | 3 |
Kideys et al. (1993) | Douglas, Isle of Man | n/a | 3–5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Valentinsson (2002) | Skagerrak, Sweden | 4–8 | 3–4 | 7–9.5 | 700–2,300 | 245–285 | 0.20–1.20 | n/a | 2–16 | 1.9–2.8 |
Nasution (2003) | Irish Sea, Northern Ireland | 8–11 | 2.5–3 | n/a | av. 2,360a | 340 | 0.47–1.65 | n/a | n/a | Nearly 2b |
Nasution et al. (2010) | Irish Sea, Northern Ireland | 10 | 3 | n/a | 558–4,196 | n/a | 0.47–1.65 | n/a | n/a | 2.1–3.1 |
Present study | Southampton Water, UK | 6 | 4.5–5 | 5–10.5 | 475–2,639 | 200–260 | 1.01 | av. 9–11 | av. 9 | 1.70–3.45 |
Author, personal observations | Breidafjordur, Iceland | Approx. 3 | n/a | 7–10 | 804–1,441 | n/a | 1.48 | av. 17 | n/a | n/a |