Fig. 1

Location of each mangrove forest, with a predominance of Laguncularia racemosa (Lh 1–3 high mangroves; Ll 1–3 low mangroves), Avicennia schaueriana (A1–3), or Rhizophora mangle (R1–3), at Iguape Municipality, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil (Source Ikonos IV® Satellite image provided by EngesSat®)