Fig. 1
From: Sponge bioerosion accelerated by ocean acidification across species and latitudes?
a Three subfossil O. edulis valves heavily infested with the bioeroding sponge C. celata resting on the bottom of a bioreactor in 2.5 l of prefiltered seawater. Perturbation (stopped while taking the picture) with premixed pCO2 treatment gas was provided via inert silicon tubing and an airstone (right) with the bubbles inducing water circulation in the beaker and preventing dysoxia. b Close-up of one of the oyster valves showing numerous inhaling (ostiae) and exhaling papillae (oscula), partly contracted after handling