Table 2 Summary of experimental settings, carbonate system parameters, nutrient levels, and sponge bioerosion figures of the three experimental treatments A2 (present-day), B2 (moderately elevated), and C2 (strongly elevated pCO2)
From: Sponge bioerosion accelerated by ocean acidification across species and latitudes?
Variable with [unit] or (scale) | A2 | B2 | C2 |
|---|---|---|---|
Present-day pCO2 | Moderately elevated pCO2 | Strongly elevated pCO2 | |
temperature [°C] | 15.14 ± 0.00 | 15.12 ± 0.01 | 15.02 ± 0.01 |
salinity (PSS) | 31.06 ± 0.03 | 31.07 ± 0.03 | 31.69 ± 0.02 |
pH (NBS scale) | 8.11 ± 0.01 | 7.98 ± 0.02 | 7.78 ± 0.00 |
DIC [μmol kg−1] | 2,119.1 ± 11.0 | 2,219.0 ± 13.3 | 2,344.4 ± 4.5b |
TA [μmol kg−1] | 2,330.3 ± 7.6 | 2,352.1 ± 13.0 | 2,403.0 ± 7.5 |
pCO2 [μatm]a | 392.3 ± 15.6 | 643.5 ± 25.5 | 1,134.9 ± 31.1 |
pH (total scale)a | 8.07 ± 0.01 | 7.89 ± 0.02 | 7.67 ± 0.01 |
HCO3 − [μmol kg−1]a | 1,946.6 ± 13.0 | 2,084.5 ± 14.0 | 2,229.9 ± 4.0 |
CO3 2− [μmol kg−1]a | 157.6 ± 3.3 | 110.0 ± 3.8 | 71.3 ± 2.1 |
Ω Ar a | 2.46 ± 0.05 | 1.71 ± 0.06 | 1.11 ± 0.03 |
Ω aCa | 3.85 ± 0.08 | 2.69 ± 0.09 | 1.74 ± 0.05 |
nitrate NO3 [μmol l−1] | 16.28 ± 4.51 | 21.51 ± 5.07 | 30.91 ± 7.85 |
nitrite NO2 [μmol l−1] | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.11 |
ammonium NH4 [μmol l−1] | 1.33 ± 0.61 | 2.56 ± 1.30 | 4.06 ± 3.43 |
phosphate PO4 [μmol l−1] | 0.73 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.35 | 1.47 ± 0.38 |
Infested oyster surface area [cm2] | 73.78 ± 9.65 | 79.73 ± 5.94 | 102.15 ± 4.49 |
dissolved CaCO3 [mg] | 0.84 ± 0.31 | 1.50 ± 0.55 | 4.38 ± 0.72 |
dissolved CaCO3 [% of baseline] | 43.56 ± 15.74 | 81.76 ± 26.93 | 171.79 ± 28.34 |
chemical bioerosion rate [kg m−2 year−1] | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.02 |
chemical bioerosion rate [% of present-day] | 100.00 ± 38.06 | 164.40 ± 63.47 | 367.65 ± 49.47 |