Fatty acids | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | June | August | October | December | February | |
Saturated (SFA) | ||||||
14:0 | 4.57 ± 1.48a | 2.65 ± 0.05b | 0.83 ± 0.15c | 0.72 ± 0.26c | 0.78 ± 0.02c | 0.79 ± 0.08c |
15:0 | 0.41 ± 0.11a | 0.30 ± 0.01ab | 0.16 ± 0.03c | 0.16 ± 0.05c | 0.19 ± 0.00bc | 0.22 ± 0.02bc |
16:0 | 19.01 ± 4.16a | 11.17 ± 0.73b | 5.31 ± 0.79c | 4.84 ± 1.34c | 4.99 ± 0.12c | 5.43 ± 0.55c |
17:0 | 0.88 ± 0.14a | 0.77 ± 0.07ab | 0.51 ± 0.08c | 0.45 ± 0.12c | 0.50 ± 0.01c | 0.58 ± 0.05bc |
18:0 | 6.04 ± 0.66a | 5.27 ± 0.23a | 3.48 ± 0.39b | 2.95 ± 0.69b | 2.87 ± 0.05b | 3.16 ± 0.19b |
19:0 | 0.20 ± 0.03a | 0.19 ± 0.01a | 0.12 ± 0.02b | 0.10 ± 0.03b | 0.10 ± 0.00b | 0.11 ± 0.00b |
20:0 | 0.43 ± 0.27a | 0.56 ± 0.11a | 0.39 ± 0.18a | 0.34 ± 0.11a | 0.35 ± 0.01a | 0.38 ± 0.05a |
22:0 | 0.12 ± 0.00ab | 0.16 ± 0.05a | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.05 ± 0.00ab | 0.07 ± 0.01ab | 0.07 ± 0.01ab |
Branched | ||||||
Iso 15:0 | 0.07 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a | 0.02 ± 0.01a | 0.02 ± 0.01a | 0.02 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
Anteiso 16:0 | 0.53 ± 0.08a | 0.42 ± 0.05a | 0.43 ± 0.08a | 0.39 ± 0.11a | 0.44 ± 0.01a | 0.56 ± 0.04a |
Iso 17:0 | 0.80 ± 0.15a | 0.55 ± 0.04b | 0.37 ± 0.07b | 0.33 ± 0.09b | 0.36 ± 0.01b | 0.49 ± 0.04b |
∑Branched | 1.38 ± 0.28a | 1.00 ± 0.03ab | 0.82 ± 0.16b | 0.73 ± 0.20b | 0.81 ± 0.02b | 1.07 ± 0.07ab |
∑SFA | 33.04 ± 7.13a | 22.07 ± 1.22b | 11.61 ± 1.78c | 10.35 ± 2.79c | 10.64 ± 0.22c | 11.81 ± 1.02c |
Monounsaturated (MUFA) | ||||||
16:1n-9 | 0.84 ± 0.07ab | 0.72 ± 0.08a | 0.73 ± 0.11a | 0.64 ± 0.16a | 0.69 ± 0.01a | 1.06 ± 0.06b |
16:1n-7 | 3.73 ± 0.72a | 2.82 ± 0.12b | 0.87 ± 0.13c | 0.76 ± 0.23c | 0.65 ± 0.08c | 0.78 ± 0.08c |
16:1n-5 | 0.16 ± 0.03a | 0.12 ± 0.01ab | 0.08 ± 0.01bc | 0.06 ± 0.01c | 0.06 ± 0.00c | 0.08 ± 0.01bc |
17:1 | 0.96 ± 0.15a | 0.81 ± 0.16ab | 0.76 ± 0.13ab | 0.50 ± 0.11b | 0.70 ± 0.01ab | 0.88 ± 0.05a |
18:1n-9 | 5.12 ± 0.99a | 2.81 ± 0.06b | 1.50 ± 0.09c | 1.30 ± 0.35c | 1.20 ± 0.04c | 1.24 ± 0.06c |
18:1n-7 | 2.36 ± 0.42a | 1.51 ± 0.02b | 0.90 ± 0.11c | 0.84 ± 0.22c | 1.03 ± 0.05bc | 1.13 ± 0.04bc |
18:1n-5 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.02 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a |
20:1n-11 | 1.17 ± 0.11a | 1.25 ± 0.04a | 1.13 ± 0.16ab | 0.83 ± 0.21bc | 0.77 ± 0.02c | 0.81 ± 0.01c |
20:1n-9 | 2.12 ± 0.21a | 1.19 ± 0.06b | 0.80 ± 0.11c | 0.68 ± 0.17c | 0.67 ± 0.02c | 0.68 ± 0.02c |
20:1n-7 | 0.84 ± 0.08a | 0.76 ± 0.02ab | 0.57 ± 0.09ab | 0.46 ± 0.11b | 0.57 ± 0.01ab | 0.77 ± 0.01ab |
22:1n-9 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.06 ± 0.00a |
∑MUFA | 17.29 ± 2.79a | 12.01 ± 0.28b | 7.35 ± 0.84c | 6.08 ± 1.59c | 6.32 ± 0.23c | 7.46 ± 0.33c |
Polyunsaturated (PUFA) | ||||||
16:2n-4 | 0.24 ± 0.01a | 0.27 ± 0.02a | 0.25 ± 0.04a | 0.25 ± 0.08a | 0.27 ± 0.00a | 0.33 ± 0.02a |
16:3n-4 | 0.17 ± 0.03ab | 0.20 ± 0.06a | 0.16 ± 0.02ab | 0.14 ± 0.03abc | 0.10 ± 0.00c | 0.12 ± 0.01bc |
16:3n-3 | 5.10 ± 0.38a | 4.54 ± 0.47ab | 4.45 ± 0.62ab | 3.46 ± 0.78b | 3.66 ± 0.07b | 4.17 ± 0.21ab |
16:4n-3 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.01 ± 0.00a | 0.02 ± 0.00a |
18:2n-6 | 0.85 ± 0.20a | 0.40 ± 0.01ab | 0.50 ± 0.30ab | 0.31 ± 0.07ab | 0.25 ± 0.01b | 0.29 ± 0.01ab |
18:3n-6 | 0.21 ± 0.05a | 0.10 ± 0.01b | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.07 ± 0.01b | 0.05 ± 0.00b | 0.07 ± 0.00b |
18:3n-4 | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.00 ± 0.00a |
18:3n-3 | 1.60 ± 0.50a | 0.38 ± 0.01b | 0.22 ± 0.05b | 0.35 ± 0.09b | 0.23 ± 0.02b | 0.44 ± 0.01b |
18:4n-3 | 2.14 ± 0.73a | 0.77 ± 0.01b | 0.34 ± 0.07b | 0.54 ± 0.20b | 0.40 ± 0.02b | 0.65 ± 0.06b |
20:2n-6 | 1.44 ± 0.20a | 0.78 ± 0.04b | 0.65 ± 0.11bc | 0.52 ± 0.14bc | 0.41 ± 0.01c | 0.44 ± 0.02c |
20:4n-6 | 1.86 ± 0.43ab | 2.77 ± 0.03a | 1.90 ± 0.46ab | 1.77 ± 0.56b | 1.53 ± 0.10b | 2.05 ± 0.05ab |
20:3n-3 | 0.18 ± 0.04a | 0.04 ± 0.00b | 0.00 ± 0.00b | 0.03 ± 0.02b | 0.02 ± 0.00b | 0.00 ± 0.00b |
20:4n-3 | 0.69 ± 0.18a | 0.32 ± 0.00ab | 0.17 ± 0.02ab | 0.15 ± 0.05ab | 0.13 ± 0.00b | 0.19 ± 0.01ab |
20:5n-3 | 8.38 ± 2.48a | 5.35 ± 0.16ab | 2.93 ± 0.69bc | 2.55 ± 0.86bc | 2.19 ± 0.06c | 3.17 ± 0.11bc |
21:5n-3 | 1.62 ± 0.30a | 1.32 ± 0.28ab | 1.03 ± 0.12b | 0.92 ± 0.27b | 0.94 ± 0.02b | 1.37 ± 0.02ab |
22:4n-6 | 1.08 ± 0.13a | 1.57 ± 0.06b | 1.03 ± 0.23ac | 0.95 ± 0.31ac | 0.93 ± 0.01ac | 1.16 ± 0.02abc |
22:5n-6 | 0.51 ± 0.10a | 0.43 ± 0.02a | 0.43 ± 0.10a | 0.36 ± 0.12a | 0.34 ± 0.00a | 0.60 ± 0.01a |
22:5n-3 | 2.20 ± 0.42a | 1.94 ± 0.06ab | 1.26 ± 0.34bc | 1.08 ± 0.38c | 1.14 ± 0.02c | 1.76 ± 0.02abc |
22:6n-3 | 9.27 ± 2.10a | 7.54 ± 0.15ab | 5.48 ± 1.35b | 4.67 ± 1.65b | 4.49 ± 0.06b | 6.03 ± 0.05ab |
∑PUFA | 37.61 ± 8.24a | 28.41 ± 1.43a | 20.80 ± 3.87b | 18.11 ± 5.59b | 17.06 ± 0.36b | 22.82 ± 0.32b |
∑ n-3 | 31.18 ± 7.11a | 21.91 ± 1.32ab | 15.88 ± 3.23ab | 13.76 ± 4.28ab | 13.21 ± 0.23b | 17.80 ± 0.34ab |
∑ n-6 | 5.94 ± 1.10a | 6.02 ± 0.12a | 4.51 ± 0.61ab | 3.95 ± 1.23b | 3.49 ± 0.13b | 4.56 ± 0.07ab |
n-3/n-6 | 5.21 ± 0.25a | 3.64 ± 0.20b | 3.50 ± 0.28b | 3.49 ± 0.03b | 3.79 ± 0.09b | 3.90 ± 0.13b |
DHA/EPA | 1.13 ± 0.10a | 1.41 ± 0.04b | 1.87 ± 0.04c | 1.82 ± 0.04c | 2.05 ± 0.03d | 1.90 ± 0.08 cd |
∑FA | 87.94 ± 18.15a | 62.49 ± 2.2b | 39.76 ± 6.46bc | 34.53 ± 9.97c | 34.02 ± 0.78c | 42.09 ± 1.65bc |