Table 1 Overview of North Sea Echinodermata identified by COI sequence clusters
From: Species identification of echinoderms from the North Sea by combining morphology and molecular data
Species | Number of indiviuals | Genbank accession number | Sampling date | Latitude | Longitude | Depth (m) | Cruise/region | Station code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asteroidea | ||||||||
 Forcipulatida, Asteriidae | ||||||||
  Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 | 5 | KX458841-43, 48, 56 | Aug 2011 | 58.2612 | 11.4510 | NA | Gulmarsfjord | 30 |
| Â | 4 | KX458836, 51, 62, 63 | Nov 2011 | 54.1477 | 7.9000 | NA | Senckenberg | 29 |
| Â | 4 | KX458829, 33, 46, 50 | Aug 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
| Â | 5 | KX458838-40, 55, 58 | July 2010 | 55.0034 | 2.6403 | NA | WH335 | 4 |
|  | 4 | KX458830, 47, 49, 59 | Aug 2010 | 57.8989 | −0.9159 | 99 | WH335 | 2 |
| Â | 4 | KX458831, 32, 44, 45 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
| Â | 3 | KX458852-54 | Aug 2011 | 53.8780 | 3.9142 | 40 | WH345 | 8 |
|  | 5 | KX458834, 35, 37, 60, 61 | Aug 2011 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH345 | 7 |
  Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) | 1 | KX458857 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
6 | KX458980-85 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 | |
 Forcipulatida,Stichasteridae | ||||||||
  Stichastrella rosea (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 2 | KX459109, 10 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
 Paxillosida, Astropectinidae | ||||||||
  *Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 1 | 3 | KX458868, 69, 73 | July 2010 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH335 | 9 |
| Â | 3 | KX458870, 74, 75 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
| Â | 2 | KX458871-72 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
  *Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 2 | 5 | KX458880, 81, 95, 98, 99 | July 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
| Â | 3 | KX458887, 96, KX458900 | Aug 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
|  | 3 | KX458889, 97, KX458902 | Aug 2010 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH335 | 7 |
| Â | 3 | KX458879, 93, 94 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 5 | KX458882-85, 91 | Aug 2011 | 53.8780 | 3.9142 | 40 | WH345 | 8 |
| Â | 6 | KX458876, 86, 88, 90, 92, KX458901 | July 2011 | 55.5520 | 7.1295 | 31 | WH345 | 10 |
| Â | 2 | KX458877, 78 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
 Paxillosida, Luidiidae | ||||||||
  Luidia sarsii Düben & Koren, in Düben, 1845 | 5 | KX458990, 96, 97, 99, KX459000 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 5 | KX458991, 93, 94, KX459002, 03 | July 2011 | 55.1730 | 5.1672 | 41 | WH345 | 11 |
|  | 5 | KX458989, 92, 95, 98, KX459001 | Mar 2012 | 55.1097 | −0.5023 | 83 | WH352 | 17 |
 Spinulosida, Echinasteridae | ||||||||
  *Henricia sp. 1 | 1 | KX458968 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
  *Henricia sp. 2 | 1 | KX458969 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
 Valvatida, Asterinidae | ||||||||
  Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) | 1 | KX458826 | Mar 2012 | 57.8815 | −3.2573 | 62 | WH352 | 18 |
| Â | 1 | KX458828 | Mar 2012 | 50.1138 | 0.2923 | 39 | WH352 | 19 |
| Â | 1 | KX458827 | Mar 2012 | 50.5255 | 0.6980 | 50 | WH352 | 20 |
 Valvatida, Goniasteridae | ||||||||
  Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) | 6 | KX458974-79 | Aug 2010 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH335 | 9 |
|  | 4 | KX458970-73 | Aug 2011 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH345 | 7 |
 Valvatida, Poraniidae | ||||||||
  Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 1 | KX459089 | Mar 2012 | 57.8012 | −1.4535 | 79 | WH352 | 21 |
 Valvatida, Solasteridae | ||||||||
  Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) | 1 | KX459101 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
| Â | 2 | KX458921, 22 | Mar 2012 | 50.1670 | 0.9902 | 31 | WH352 | 22 |
3 | KX458918-20 | Mar 2012 | 50.1138 | 0.2923 | 39 | WH352 | 19 | |
  Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) | 3 | KX458915-17 | Mar 2012 | 51.2678 | 1.7173 | 48 | WH352 | 23 |
Echinoidea | ||||||||
 Camarodonta, Echinidae | ||||||||
  Gracilechinus acutus (Lamarck, 1816) | 6 | KX458956, 59, 61, 63, 65, 66 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
|  | 1 | KX458955 | Mar 2012 | 55.4147 | −0.0218 | 74 | WH352 | 24 |
| Â | 2 | KX458958, 64 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
|  | 4 | KX458957, 60, 62, 67 | Mar 2012 | 59.3612 | −0.3212 | 142 | WH352 | 25 |
 Camarodonta, Parechinidae | ||||||||
  Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771) | 6 | KX459093, 95-98, KX459100 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 5 | KX459090-92, 94, 99 | July 2010 | 55.0034 | 2.6403 | NA | WH335 | 4 |
 Camarodonta, Strongylocentrotidae | ||||||||
  Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 6 | KX459111-16 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
 Clypeasteroida, Echinocyamidae | ||||||||
  Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 1 | KX458954 | Aug 2010 | 54.1458 | 7.8876 | 54 | WH335 | 6 |
 Spatangoida, Brissidae |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Brissopsis lyrifera (Forbes, 1841) | 6 | KX458903, 06, 09-12 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 6 | KX458904, 05, 07, 08, 13, 14 | July 2011 | 54.8043 | 3.7380 | 46 | WH345 | 12 |
 Spatangoida, Loveniidae | ||||||||
  Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777) | 6 | KX458924, 25, 28, 30, 34, 35 | Aug 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
| Â | 2 | KX458929, 32 | July 2011 | 54.8043 | 3.7380 | 46 | WH345 | 12 |
| Â | 5 | KX458923, 26, 27, 31, 36 | July 2011 | 55.2090 | 6.9848 | 37 | WH345 | 13 |
|  | 1 | KX458933 | Mar 2012 | 54.8732 | −0.9582 | 68 | WH352 | 26 |
  Echinocardium flavescens (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 6 | KX458938, 40, 41, 44, 45, 49 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
| Â | 5 | KX458937, 39, 47, 51, 53 | July 2011 | 54.8043 | 3.7380 | 46 | WH345 | 12 |
| Â | 3 | KX458946, 48, 50 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
|  | 3 | KX458942, 43, 52 | Mar 2012 | 54.8732 | −0.9582 | 68 | WH352 | 26 |
 Spatangoida, Spatangidae | ||||||||
  Spatangus purpureus O.F. Müller, 1776 | 4 | KX459102-05 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
| Â | 3 | KX459106-08 | Mar 2012 | 56.0902 | 1.2152 | 87 | WH352 | 16 |
Ophiuroidea | ||||||||
 Euryalida, Asteronychidae | ||||||||
  Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 | 4 | KX458864-67 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
 Ophiurida, Amphiuridae | ||||||||
  Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) | 2 | KX458801, 02 | Oct 2011 | 54.0500 | 7.9000 | NA | Helgoland | 31 |
  Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843 | 1 | KX458805 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
| Â | 3 | KX458803, 04, 06 | Aug 2011 | 58.2612 | 11.4510 | NA | Gulmarsfjord | 30 |
  Amphiura filiformis (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 5 | KX458810, 16, 17, 23, 24 | Aug 2011 | 54.2553 | 4.5388 | 48 | WH345 | 14 |
| Â | 3 | KX458821, 22, 25 | Aug 2011 | 58.2612 | 11.4510 | NA | Gulmarsfjord | 30 |
| Â | 11 | KX458807-09, 11-15, 18-20 | Oct 2011 | 54.0500 | 7.9000 | NA | Helgoland | 31 |
 Ophiurida, Ophiactidae | ||||||||
  Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus, 1767) | 4 | KX459017, 18, 23, 24 | Aug 2011 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH345 | 7 |
| Â | 4 | KX459016, 19-21 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
|  | 1 | KX459022 | Mar 2012 | 55.1097 | −0.5023 | 83 | WH352 | 17 |
  Ophiactis balli (W. Thompson, 1840) | 1 | KX459004 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
 Ophiurida, Ophiotrichidae | ||||||||
  Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, in O.F. Müller, 1789) | 6 | KX459027, 29-31, 34, 35 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 4 | KX459033, 36-38 | July 2011 | 55.2090 | 6.9848 | 37 | WH345 | 13 |
| Â | 1 | KX459032 | July 2011 | 55.1730 | 5.1672 | 41 | WH345 | 11 |
| Â | 3 | KX459025, 26, 28 | Mar 2012 | 51.2678 | 1.7173 | 48 | WH352 | 23 |
 Ophiurida, Ophiuridae | ||||||||
  Ophiocten affinis (Lütken, 1858) | 5 | KX459005-07, 13, 14 | Aug 2011 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH345 | 5 |
| Â | 2 | KX459008, 09 | Aug 2011 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH345 | 9 |
| Â | 4 | KX459010-12, 15 | Aug 2011 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH345 | 1 |
  Ophiura albida Forbes, 1839 | 4 | KX459039, 41, 52, 53 | Aug 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
| Â | 2 | KX459045, 47 | July 2011 | 55.2090 | 6.9848 | 37 | WH345 | 13 |
| Â | 4 | KX459040, 44, 48, 51 | Aug 2011 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH345 | 1 |
| Â | 4 | KX459043, 46, 49, 50 | Aug 2011 | 53.8618 | 4.6167 | 42 | WH345 | 15 |
| Â | 1 | KX459042 | Mar 2012 | 54.8840 | 2.3420 | 28 | WH352 | 27 |
  Ophiura ophiura (Linnaeus, 1758) | 3 | KX459059, 63, 69 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 3 | KX459061, 66, 67 | July 2010 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH335 | 1 |
| Â | 3 | KX459071-73 | Aug 2010 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH335 | 3 |
|  | 3 | KX459062, 64, 68 | Aug 2010 | 57.8989 | −0.9159 | 99 | WH335 | 2 |
| Â | 4 | KX459054, 65, 70, 74 | Jan 2011 | 54.3698 | 7.0881 | 39 | WH340 | 3 |
| Â | 1 | KX459076 | Aug 2011 | 60.3703 | 2.4784 | 100 | WH345 | 1 |
|  | 4 | KX459056-58, 77 | Aug 2011 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH345 | 7 |
| Â | 5 | KX459055, 60, 78-80 | Aug 2011 | 53.8780 | 3.9142 | 40 | WH345 | 8 |
|  | 2 | KX459075, 81 | Mar 2012 | 55.1097 | −0.5023 | 83 | WH352 | 17 |
| Â | 1 | KX459082 | Mar 2012 | 55.7447 | 0.5910 | 80 | WH352 | 28 |
  Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 | 5 | KX459083-87 | July 2010 | 56.6275 | 5.3008 | 59 | WH335 | 5 |
| Â | 1 | KX459088 | Mar 2012 | 55.7447 | 0.5910 | 80 | WH352 | 28 |
Holothuroidea | ||||||||
 Apodida, Synaptidae | ||||||||
  Leptosynapta sp. Verrill, 1867 | 3 | KX458986-88 | July 2007 | 58.7445 | 2.5644 | 111 | WH302 | 9 |
 Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae | ||||||||
  Thyone fusus (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 1 | KX459117 | Aug 2011 | 55.3523 | −0.1279 | 73 | WH345 | 7 |