Spatial variation of reef fishes and the relative influence of biotic and abiotic habitat traits

Table 1 Results of multivariate (PERMANOVA on assemblage structure) and univariate (ANOVA on all other variables) analyses testing for the effects of ‘sites’ and ‘reefs’ on several response variables of fish assemblages

Source of variation	df	MS	F	p	Denominator	% of total variance
Assemblage structure^a
Site	2	8553.6	1.18^d	0.209	Reef (site)	1.1
Reef (site)	12	7227.0	1.82^d	0.001	Residual	14.0
Residual	60	3966.6				84.9
Total # of fish taxa^a
Site	2	0.115	0.52	0.609	Reef (site)	0
Reef (site)	12	0.223	2.02	0.037	Residual	19.2
Residual	60	0.110				80.8
Total # of fish individuals^b
Site	2	0.533	0.38	0.563	Reef (site)	1.0
Reef (site)	12	1.400	2.05	0.024	Residual	14.3
Residual	60	0.684				84.7
Spatial guild: benthic^b
Site	2	0.002	0.00	0.997	Reef (site)	0
Reef (site)	12	0.620	1.74	0.080	Residual	19.3
Residual	60	0.355				80.7
Spatial guild: proximo-benthic^c
Site	2	60.093	2.12	0.163	Reef (site)	6.5
Reef (site)	12	28.400	1.83	0.064	Residual	13.3
Residual	60	15.547				80.2
Diet: omnivorous^c
Site	2	0.040	0.14	0.871	Reef (site)	0
Reef (site)	12	0.287	2.05	0.035	Residual	17.3
Residual	60	0.140				82.7
Diet: browser of benthic invertebrates^b
Site	2	0.027	0.02	0.976	Reef (site)	0
Reef (site)	12	1.113	3.07	0.002	Residual	34.0
Residual	60	0.363				66.0
Diet: predator of mobile animals^c
Site	2	67.080	2.72	0.106	Reef (site)	9.2
Reef (site)	12	24.660	1.66	0.099	Residual	10.6
Residual	60	14.853				80.2
Eggs type: benthic^b
Site	2	0.063	0.05	0.948	Reef (site)	0
Reef (site)	12	1.165	3.10	0.002	Residual	37.5
Residual	60	0.376				62.5
Eggs type: pelagic^c
Site	2	2.218	1.17	0.485	Residual^e	0
Reef (site)	12	2.164	1.14	0.347	Residual	5.2
Residual	60	1.895				94.8

Significant effects are reported in bold. The % contribution of the variance component calculated at each spatial scale to the total variance is reported in the last column
^{a, b, c}Analysis done on square root-transformed, log(x + 1) transformed or untransformed data, respectively
^dPseudo-F value calculated through permutations
^eResidual MS used as denominator for the Site test after elimination of the reef (site) term that was not significant at p > 0.25 [76]

ISSN: 1438-3888