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Table 5 Long-term trends in (1) annual recruitment (n m−2 at an age of 0.3, 0.8, and 1.8 year) for the 1973–2015 period (n = 43), (2) survival (% still present half a year after the age of 0.3 year, 1 year after an age of 0.8 year, and 1 year after an age of 1.8 year or more) for 15 to 40 years of the 1973–2015 period (calculated only if at least 10 m−2 were present at the start of the period), (3) growth rate (g AFDM ind−1) for the 1976–2014 period (n = 18 to 29), and (4) late-winter biomass (g AFDM m−2) for the 1973–2018 period (n = 46)

From: Is food supply for shellfish-eating birds in the western Wadden Sea affected by the between-species synchrony in year-to-year fluctuations of bivalve population parameters?

Age (years)

Recruitment

Survival

Growth

Biomass

0.3

0.8

1.8

0.3–0.8

0.8–1.8

1.8+

Cerastoderma edule

− 0.44**

− 0.09

+ 0.20

+ 0.25

+ 0.35

+ 0.14

− 0.23

− 0.15

Mytilus edulis

− 0.26

− 0.09

− 0.05

+ 0.18

− 0.16

− 0.44

+ 0.11

− 0.11

Mya arenaria

− 0.09

+ 0.12

+ 0.34*

+ 0.33

− 0.17

− 0.03

+ 0.12

+ 0.57***(+0.31*)

Limecola balthica

− 0.68***

− 0.49**

− 0.41**

+ 0.55**

+ 0.29

− 0.66***

− 0.02

− 0.51***

  1. Significance indicated by * (p < 0.05), ** (< 0.01) or *** (< 0.001); Spearman rank test. Biomass data for Mya arenaria separately for all individuals and (between brackets) for those of < 5 cm shell length