Antifouling and antibacterial activities of bioactive extracts from different organs of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota

Table 1 Antibacterial activity of sea cucumber H. leucospilota extracts by disk diffusion method (inhibition zone, mm)

Microorganism	n-Hexane extracts				Ethyl acetate extracts				Methanol extracts				Ampicillin^a
Microorganism	Body wall	Gonad	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree	Body wall	Gonad	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree	Body wall	Gonad	Digestive tract	Respiratory tree	Ampicillin^a
S. aureus	14.07 ± 0.30 ^cd	13.83 ± 0.31^de	10.93 ± 0.35^f	8.83 ± 0.30 ^h	16.37 ± 0.27^a	15.10 ± 0.22^b	13.70 ± 0.17^e	10.17 ± 0.13 ^g	9.97 ± 0.21 ^g	10.07 ± 0.13 ^g	7.73 ± 0.21ⁱ	_	14.17 ± 0.13^c
M. luteus	10.23 ± 0.25^b	8.30 ± 0.24^c	7.50 ± 0.26^e	_	11.97 ± 0.19^a	10.13 ± 0.30^b	8.40 ± 0.09^c	7.47 ± 0.05^e	8.03 ± 0.21^d	7.83 ± 0.13^d	_	_	12.07 ± 0.13^a
V. harveyi	11.43 ± 0.30^b	11.47 ± 0.45^b	_	_	12.40 ± 0.22^a	12.43 ± 0.17^a	7.47 ± 0.13^d	8.17 ± 0.13^c	8.03 ± 0.05^c	7.43 ± 0.10^d	7.07 ± 0.05^e	7.03 ± 0.05^e	11.37 ± 0.09^b
E. coli	9.97 ± 0.15^c	9.30 ± 0.24^d	_	_	11.77 ± 0.26^b	9.90 ± 0.30^c	_	_	8.00 ± 0.17^e	8.03 ± 0.05^e	_	_	12.23 ± 0.20^a
K. pneumoniae	8.10 ± 0.17^d	8.10 ± 0.09^d	_	_	9.53 ± 0.13^b	9.13 ± 0.13^c	_	_	7.57 ± 0.13^f	_	_	_	10.00 ± 0.33^a

Data are shown as the mean ± SD with different letters in the same row are significantly different at p < 0.05
Inactive (–), weak active (< 7), moderately active (7–14); highly active (> 14)
Inhibition zone includes diameter of the disc (6.4 mm)
^aTested at 10 µg/disc

ISSN: 1438-3888