Almeida LP, Ferreira Ó, Pacheco A (2011) Thresholds for morphological changes on an exposed sandy beach as a function of wave height. Earth Surf Proc Land 36(4):523–532. doi:10.1002/esp.2072
Article
Google Scholar
Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE, McArdle BH (2006) Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity. Ecol Lett 9(6):683–693. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00926.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anonymous (2011) OSPAR workshop on the improvement of the definitions of habitats on the OSPAR list. background document for discussion: “coral gardens”, “deep sea sponge aggregations” and “seapen and burrowing megafauna communities”. Tech. rep., OCEANA, http://eu.oceana.org/en/eu/media-reports/publications/ospar-workshop-on-the-improvement-of-the-definitions-of-habitats-on-the-ospar-list, 20–21 October 2011, Bergen, Norway
Ballesteros E (2006) Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: a synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanogr MarBiol Ann Rev 44:123–195
Google Scholar
Baus E, Darrock DJ, Bruford MW (2005) Gene-flow patterns in Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of the Lusitanian sea star Asterina gibbosa. Mol Ecol 14:3373–3382. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02681.x
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bavestrello G, Cerrano C, Zanzi D, Cattaneo-Vietti R (1997) Damage by fishing activities to the gorgonian coral Paramuricea clavata in the Ligurian Sea. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst 7(3):253–262. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0755(199709)7:3<253::AID-AQC243>3.0.CO;2-1
Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bertocci I, Micheli F, Maggi E, Fosella T, Vaselli S (2003) Implications of spatial heterogeneity for management of marine protected areas (MPAs): examples from assemblages of rocky coasts in the northwest Mediterranean. Mar Environ Res 55(5):429–458. doi:10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00310-0
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bozec YM, Yakob L, Bejarano S, Mumby PJ (2012) Reciprocal facilitation and non-linearity maintain habitat engineering on coral reefs. Oikos. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20576.x (in publication)
Bramanti L, Iannelli M, Santangelo G (2009) Mathematical modelling for conservation and management of gorgonians corals: youngs and olds, could they coexist. Ecol Model 220(21):2851–2856. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.031
Article
Google Scholar
Bruno JF, Stachowicz JJ, Bertness MD (2003) Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends Ecol Evol 18(3):119–125
Article
Google Scholar
Carpine C, Grasshoff M (1975) Les gorgonaires de la Méditerranée. Bull Inst Océanogr Monaco 71(1430):140, 62 fig., 1 pl
Google Scholar
Carvalho S, Cunha MR, Pereira F, Pousão-Ferreira P, Santos MN, Gaspar MB (2011) The effect of depth and sediment type on the spatial distribution of shallow soft-bottom amphipods along the southern Portuguese coast. Helgol Mar Res. doi:10.1007/s10152-011-0285-9
Cerrano C, Bavestrello G (2008) Medium-term effects of die-off of rocky benthos in the Ligurian Sea. What can we learn from gorgonians? Chem Ecol 24(Supplement 1):73–82. doi:10.1080/02757540801979648
Article
Google Scholar
Cerrano C, Danovaro R, Gambi C, Pusceddu A, Riva A, Schiaparelli S (2009) Gold coral (Savalia savaglia) and gorgonian forests enhance benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the mesophotic zone. Biodivers Conserv 19(1):153–167. doi:10.1007/s10531-009-9712-5
Article
Google Scholar
Cherubin L, Carton X, Paillet J, Morel Y, Serpette A (2000) Instability of the Mediterranean Water undercurrents southwest of Portugal: effects of baroclinicity and of topography. Oceanol Acta 23(5):551–573. doi:10.1016/S0399-1784(00)01105-1
Article
Google Scholar
Chiappone M, Dienes H, W DS, Miller SL (2005) Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biol Cons 121:221–230. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.04.023
Google Scholar
Coelho HS, Neves RJJ, White M, ao PCL, Santos AJ (2002) A model for ocean circulation on the Iberian coast. J Mar Syst 32(1-3):153–179. doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00032-5
Coma R, Pola E, Ribes M, Zabala M (2004) Long-term assessment of temperate octocoral mortality patterns, protected vs. unprotected areas. Ecol Appl 14(5):1466–1478. doi:10.1890/03-5176
Article
Google Scholar
Coma R, Linares C, Ribes M, Díaz D, Garrabou J, Ballesteros E (2006) Consequences of a mass mortality in populations of Eunicella singularis (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in Menorca (NW Mediterranean). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 327:51–60. doi:10.3354/meps327051
Article
Google Scholar
Costello C, Rassweiler A, Siegel D, Leo GD, Micheli F, Rosenberg A (2010) The value of spatial information in MPA network design. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(43):18,294–18,299. doi:10.1073/pnas.0908057107
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cupido R, Cocito S, Sgorbini S, Bordone A, Santangelo G (2008) Response of a gorgonian (Paramuricea clavata) population to mortality events: recovery or loss. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst 18(6):984–992. doi:10.1002/aqc.904
Article
Google Scholar
Dahlgren EJ (1989) Gorgonian community structure and reef zonation patterns on Yucatan coral reefs. Bull Mar Sci 45(3):678–696
Google Scholar
Dolbeth M, Óscar Ferreira, Teixeira H, Marques JC, Dias JA, Pardal MA (2007) Beach morphodynamic impact on a macrobenthic community along a subtidal depth gradient. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 352:113–124. doi:10.3354/meps07040
Article
Google Scholar
Dufrêne M, Legendre P (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species:the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monograph 67(3):345–366. doi:10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0345:SAAIST]2.0.CO;2
Google Scholar
García-Charton JA, Pérez-Ruzafa A, Marcos C, Claudet J, Badalamenti F, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Falcón JM, Milazzo M, Schembri PJ, Stobart B, Vandeperre F, Brito A, Chemello R, Dimech M, Domenici P, Guala I, Diréach LL, Maggi E, Planes S (2008) Effectiveness of European Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs: do they accomplish the expected effects on populations, communities and ecosystems. J Nat Conserv 16(4):193–221. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2008.09.007
Article
Google Scholar
Garrabou J, Ballesteros E, Zabala M (2002) Structure and dynamics of North-western Mediterranean rocky benthic communities along a depth gradient. Estuar Coast Shelf S 55:493–508. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0920
Article
Google Scholar
Garrabou J, Coma R, Bensoussan N, Bally M, Chevaldonn P, Cigliano M, Díaz D, Harmelin JG, Gambi MC, Kersting DK, Ledoux JB, Lejeusne C, Linares C, Marschal C, Pérez T, Ribes M, Romano JC, Serrano E, Teixido N, Torrents O (2009) Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: effects of the 2003 heat wave. Global Change Biol 15(5):1090–1103. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01823.x
Article
Google Scholar
Gili J, Coma R (1998) Benthic suspension feeders: their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends Ecol Evol 13(8):316–321. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01365-2
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gili J, Murillo J, Ros J (1989) The distribution pattern of benthic Cnidarians in the Western Mediterranean. Sci Mar 53:19–35
Google Scholar
Gonçalves JMS, Monteiro P, Coelho R, Afonso CML, Almeida C, Veiga P, Machado M, Machado D, Oliveira F, Ribeiro J, Abecasis D, Primo L, Tavares D, Fernández-Carvalho J, Abreu S, Fonseca L, Erzini K, Bentes L (2007) Cartography and characterization of the marine communities off the national underwater ecological reserve between Galé and Ancão. Final report, CCDR Algarve, Faro, 242 pp. + Annexes (In portuguese)
Gonçalves JMS, Monteiro P, Afonso CML, Oliveira F, Rangel M, Machado M, Veiga P, Leite L, Sousa I, Bentes L, Fonseca L, Erzini K (2010) Cartography and characterization of the marine communities off the national underwater ecological reserve between the Arade river and Ponta da Piedade. Final report, ARH Algarve, Faro, 122 pp. + Annexes. http://fcma.ualg.pt/cfrg/documents/RenIV_NET.pdf
González PJL (1993) Taxonomia y zoogeografia de los antozoos del Estrecho de Gibraltar y areas proximas. PhD thesis, Universidad Sevilla
Gori A, Rossi S, Berganzo E, Pretus J, Dale M, Gili J (2010) Spatial distribution patterns of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Cape of Creus, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Mar Biol 151(4):1–16. doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1548-8
Google Scholar
Grasshoff M (1988) The genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) in West Africa. Atlantide Rep14:91–147
Google Scholar
Grasshoff M (1992) Die flachwasser-gorgonarien von Europa und Westafrika (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Courier Forschunginstitut Senckenberg 149:1–135
Google Scholar
Halpern BS, Silliman BR, Olden JD, Bruno JP, Bertness MD (2007) Incorporating positive interactions in aquatic restoration and conservation. Front Ecol Environ 5(3):153–160
Article
Google Scholar
Idjadi JA, Edmunds PJ (2006) Scleractinian corals as facilitators for other invertebrates on a Caribbean reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 319:117–127. doi:10.3354/meps319117
Article
Google Scholar
Janson S, Vegelius J (1981) Measures of ecological association. Oecologia 49:371–376. doi:10.1007/BF00347601
Article
Google Scholar
Levy A, Wirtz P, Floeter SR, Almada VC (2011) The Lusitania Province as a center of diversification: the phylogeny of the genus Microlipophrys (Pisces: Blenniidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 58(2):409–413. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.008
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Linares C, Coma R, Díaz D, Zabala M, Hereu B, Dantart L (2005) Immediate and delayed effects of a mass mortality event on gorgonian population dynamics and benthic community structure in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 305:127–137. doi:10.3354/meps305127
Article
Google Scholar
Linares C, Doak DF, Coma R, Díaz D, Zabala M (2007) Life history and viability of a long-lived marine invertebrate: the octocoral Paramuricea clavata. Ecology 88(4):918–928. doi:10.1890/05-1931
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Linares C, Coma R, Garrabou J, Díaz D, Zabala M (2008) Size distribution, density and disturbance in two Mediterranean gorgonians: Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella singularis. J Appl Ecol 45:688–699. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01419.x
Article
Google Scholar
Linares C, Coma R, Zabala M (2008) Restoration of threatened red gorgonian populations: An experimental and modelling approach. Biol Cons 141(2):427–437. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.012
Article
Google Scholar
Martins CS, Hamann M, Fiúza AFG (2002) Surface circulation in the eastern North Atlantic, from drifters and altimetry. J Geophys Res 107:3217–3228. doi:200210.1029/2000JC000345
Article
Google Scholar
McArthur M, Brooke B, Przeslawski R, Ryan D, Lucieer V, Nichol S, McCallum A, Mellin C, Cresswell I, Radke L (2010) On the use of abiotic surrogates to describe marine benthic biodiversity. Estuar Coast Shelf S 88(1):21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.03.003
Article
Google Scholar
Munzel U, Hothorn LA (2001) A unified approach to simultaneous rank test procedures in the unbalanced one-waylayout. Biometrical J 43(5):553–569. doi:10.1002/1521-4036(200109)43:5<553::AID-BIMJ553>3.0.CO;2-N
Google Scholar
Norling P, Kautsky N (2007) Structural and functional effects of Mytilus edulis on diversity of associated species and ecosystem functioning. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 351:163–175. doi:10.3354/meps07033
Article
Google Scholar
Pérez FF, Castro CG, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Ríos AF (2001) Coupling between the iberian basin—scale circulation and the Portugal boundary current system: a chemical study. Deep-Sea Res Pt I 48(6):1519–1533. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00101-1
Article
Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2010) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, url http://www.R-project.org, ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Ribes M, Coma R, Rossi S (2003) Natural feeding of the temperate asymbiotic octocoral-gorgonian Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 254:141–150. doi:10.3354/meps254141
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Riisgård HU, Larsen PS (2010) Particle capture mechanisms in suspension-feeding invertebrates. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 418:255–293. doi:10.3354/meps08755
Article
Google Scholar
Rodrigues SCM (2008) Dados ecológicos de gorgónias (octocorallia: Alcyonacea) - contributo para a conservação e gestão de actividades subaquáticas no parque marinho professor Luiz Saldanha (Portugal). Master’s thesis, Universidade de Lisboa
Rossi S, Ribes M, Coma R, Gili J (2004) Temporal variability in zooplankton prey capture rate of the passive suspension feeder L. sarmentosa (Cnidaria: Octocorallia), a case study. Mar Biol 144(1):89–99. doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1168-7
Article
Google Scholar
Ruppert EE, Barnes RD (1994) Invertebrate zoology, 6th edn. Saunders College Publishing, New York
Google Scholar
Sánchez JA, Zea S, Diáz JM (1998) Patterns of octocoral and black coral distribution in the oceanic barrier reef-complex of Providencia Island, southwestern Caribbean. Caribbean J Sci 34(3–4):250–264
Google Scholar
Sánchez RF, Relvas P, Delgado M (2007) Coupled ocean wind and sea surface temperature patterns off the western Iberian Peninsula. J Mar Syst 68(1–2):103–127. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.11.003
Article
Google Scholar
Souto J, Reverter-Gil O, Fernández-Pulpeiro E (2010) Gymnolaemate bryozoans from the Algarve (southern Portugal): new species and biogeographical considerations. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 90(7):1417–1439. doi:10.1017/S0025315409991640
Article
Google Scholar
Spalding MD, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, na ZAF, Finlayson M, Halpern BS, Jorge MA, Lombana A, Lourie SA, Martin KD, McManus E, Molnar J, Recchia CA, Robertson J (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. Bioscience 57(7):573–583. doi:10.1126/science.1067728
Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Altieri A, Tuya F, Gulbransen D, McGlathery KJ, Holmer M, Silliman BR (2010) Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification. Integr Comp Biol 50(2):158–175. doi:10.1093/icb/icq042
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tilman D (1994) Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology 75(1):2–16
Article
Google Scholar
Vieira P (2008) Caracterização de espécies de gorgónias (Cnidaria; Gorgonacea) da costa Algarvia. Master’s thesis, Universidade do Algarve
Weinberg S (1978) Mediterranean octocorallian communities and the abiotic environment. Mar Biol 49(1):41–57. doi:10.1007/BF00390729
Article
Google Scholar
Wright JR, Jones CG (2006) The concept of organisms as ecosystem engineers ten years on: progress, limitations, and challenges. Bioscience 56(3):203–210. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0203:TCOOAE]2.0.CO;2
Google Scholar
Yoshioka PM, Yoshioka BB (1989) Effects of wave energy, topographic relief and sediment transport on the distribution of shallow-water gorgonians of Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs 8:145–152. doi:10.1007/BF00338270
Article
Google Scholar
Zabala M, Ballesteros E (1989) Surface-dependent strategies ane energy flux in benthic marine communities or, why corals do not exist in the mediterranean. Sci Mar 53(1):3–17
Google Scholar