Molnar JL, Gamboa RL, Revenga C, Spalding MD. Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Front Ecol Environ. 2008;6:485–92. https://doi.org/10.1890/070064.
Article
Google Scholar
Bax N, Williamson A, Aguero M, Gonzalez E, Geeves W. Marine invasive alien species: a threat to global biodiversity. Mar Policy. 2003;27:313–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00041-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Grosholz ED, Ruiz GM, Dean CA, Shirley KA, Maron JL, Connors PG. The impacts of a nonindigenous marine predator in a California Bay. Ecology. 2000;81:1206–24. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081%5b1206:TIOANM%5d2.0.CO;2.
Article
Google Scholar
Werner S, Moertl M, Bauer HG, Rothhaupt KO. Strong impact of wintering waterbirds on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) populations at Lake Constance Germany. Freshw Biol. 2005;50:1412–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01411.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Gollasch S. Overview on introduced aquatic species in European navigational and adjacent waters. Helgoland Mar Res. 2006;60:84–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-006-0022-y.
Article
Google Scholar
AquaNIS Editorial Board. Information system on aquatic non-indigenous and cryptogenic species. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. 2015. http://www.corpi.ku.lt/databases/aquanis.Version2.36+. Accessed 30 July 2018.
Cosel R, Dörjes J, Mühlenhardt-Siegel U. Die Amerikanische Schwertmuschel Ensis directus (Conrad) in Der Deutschen Bucht: I. Zoogeographie Und Taxonomie Im Vergleich Mit Den Einheimischen Schwertmuschel-Arten [The American Jackknife Clam Ensis directus (Conrad) in the German Bight: I. Zoogeography and Taxonomy in Comparison with the Native Jackknife and Razor Clams’] Senckenberg Marit 1982;3/4:147–173. http://www.vliz.be/en/imis?refid=115578.
Gollasch S, Kerckhof F, Craeymeersch J, Goulletquer P, Jensen K, Jelmert A, Minchin D. Alien species alert: Ensis directus. Current status of invasions by the marine bivalve Ensis directus. ICES Coop Res Rep. 2015;323:1–36.
Google Scholar
Dekker R, Beukema JJ. Long-term dynamics and productivity of a successful invader: the first three decades of the bivalve Ensis directus in the Western Wadden Sea. J Sea Res. 2012;71:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.04.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Dannheim J, Rumohr H. The fate of an immigrant: Ensis directus in the Eastern German Bight. Helgoland Mar Res. 2012;66:307–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-011-0271-2.
Article
Google Scholar
Kottsieper J, Schueckel U, Schwemmer P, Fox AD, Garthe S. Comparison of bivalve communities between moulting and wintering areas used by common scoter Melanitta nigra in the German North Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106398.
Article
Google Scholar
Tulp I, Craeymeersch J, Leopold M, van Damme C, Fey F, Verdaat H. The role of the invasive bivalve Ensis directus as food source for fish and birds in the Dutch Coastal Zone. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2010;90:116–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.07.008.
Article
Google Scholar
Mendel B, Sonntag N, Wahl J, Schwemmer P, Dries H, Guse N, Müller S, Garthe S. Artensteckbriefe von See-and Wasservögeln Der Deutschen Nord-And Ostsee: Verbreitung, Ökologie And Empflindlichkeiten Gegenüber Eingriffen in Ihren Marinen Lebensraum. Bundesamt f. Naturschutz, 2008.
Markones N, Garthe S. Monitoring von Seevögeln Im Offshore-Bereich Der Schleswig-Holsteini-Schen Nordsee Im Rahmen von NATURA 2000 in Den Jahren 2004 bis 2009. Corax. 2011;22:11–50.
Google Scholar
Pihl S, Holm TE, Clausen P, Petersen IK, Nielsen RD, Laursen K, Bregnballe T, Søgaard B. Fugle 2012–2013 NOVANA. Videnskabelig Rapport 2015;125 fra DCE-Nationalt Center for Mijø og Energi. Aarhu: Aarhus Universitet.
Fijn RC, Leopold MF, Dirksen S, et al. Een onverwachte concentratie van Zwarte Zee-eenden in de Hollandse kustzone in een gebied met hoge dichtheden van geschikte schelpdieren. Limosa. 2017;90:97–117.
Google Scholar
Madsen FJ. On the food habits of the diving ducks in Denmark. Dan Rev Game Biol. 1954;2:159–266.
Google Scholar
Fox AD. Diet and habitat use of scoters Melanitta in the Western Palearctic—a brief overview. Wildfowl. 2004;54:163–82.
Google Scholar
Leopold MF, Wolf P. Zee-Eenden Eten Ook Ensis. Nieuwsbrief Nederlandse Zeevogelgroep. 2003;4:5.
Google Scholar
Leopold MF, Spannenburg PC, Verdaat HJP, Kats RKH. Identification and size estimation of Spisula subtruncata and Ensis americanus from shell fragments in stomachs and faeces of common eiders Somateria mollissima and common scoters Melanitta nigra. In: Kats RKH, editor. Common eiders Somateria mollisssima in the Netherlands The rise and fall of breeding and wintering populations in relation to the stocks of shellfish. Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (Scientific Contributions 19); 2007. p. 63–85.
Google Scholar
Schwemmer P, Volmer H, Enners L, Riemers HC, Binder K, Horn S, Eskildsen K, Adler S, Fox AD, Garthe S. Modelling summer distribution patterns of common scoters (Melanitta nigra) by its most important prey species, the razor clam (Ensis directus), and hydrodynamic parameters. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2019;225:106260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106260.
Article
Google Scholar
Freudendahl AS, Jensen KT. Population dynamics of the American razor clam (Ensis americanus) at Horns Rev. Report by University of Aarhus, Department of Marine Ecology; 2006.
Krause J, Wollny-Goerke K, Boller F, Hauswirth M, Heinicke K, Herrmann C, Körber P, Narberhaus I, Richter-Kemmermann A. The German marine protected areas in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Natur Und Landschaft. 2011;86(9):397.
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2017. https://www.R-project.org/.
Camphuysen CJ, Fox AD, Leopold MF, Petersen IK. Towards standardised seabirds at sea census techniques in connection with environmental impact assessments for offshore wind farms in the U.K. COWRIE-Report BAM-02-2002. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel; 2004.
Buckland ST, Rexstad EA, Marques TA, Oedekoven CS. Distance sampling: methods and applications. New York: Springer; 2015.
Book
Google Scholar
Fox AD, Hartmann P, Petersen IK. Body mass and organ size change during wing moult in common scoter. J Avian Biol. 2008;39:35–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.04135.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Skov H, Durinck J, Erichsen A, Kloster RM, Møhlenberg F, Leonhard SB. Horns Rev II offshore wind farm food basis for common scoter: baseline studies 2007–08. Final Report by Orbicon/DHI/Marine Observers to DONG Energy A/S, Copenhagen; 2008
Houziaux JS, Craeymeersch J, Merckx B, Kerckhof F, van Lancker V, Courtens W, Stienen E, Perdon J, Goudswaard PC, van Hoey G, Vigin L, Hostens K, Vincx M, Degraer S. ‘EnSIS’—Ecosystem Sensitivity to Invasive Species. Final Report. Brussels: Belgian Science Policy Office 2012—Research Programme Science for a Sustainable Development; 2011, p. 105
Troost K, Perdon KJ, van Zwol J, Jol J, van Asch M. Schelpdierbestanden in de Nederlandse kustzone in 2017. IJmuiden: Stichting Wageningen Research, Centrum voor Visserijonderzoek (CVO); 2017. https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/526296.