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Laminaria population variables and understory community composition were monitored just prior to, and for two summers following, a September 1980 experimental total harvest ofL. longicruris De la Pylaie andL. di...
Most of the information for genetic differentiation among populations of marine algae is from studies on ecotypic variation. Physiological ecotypes have been described for individuals showing different respons...
Effects of daylength and temperature on the formation of erect fronds (macrothalli) from crusts (microthalli) ofDumontia contorta (S. G. Gmel.) Rupr. from three localities in Nova Scotia and one locality in South...
The causal factors for observed differences in tetrasporangial periodicity in high- and midlittoral plants in an estuarine population ofRhodochorton purpureum (Lightf.) Rosenv. were analysed. In high littoral pla...
The temperature responses for growth and survival have been experimentally tested for 6 species of the green algal genusCladophora (Chlorophyceae; Cladophorales) (all isolated from Roscoff, Brittany, France, one ...
Gigartina acicularis is an intertidal, perennial red alga which reaches its northern distributional limit in the north-eastern Atlantic on the Irish coast. It has only rarely been found w...
Tolerance and growth at temperatures from 0° to 36°C were investigated using 15 species and strains ofGracilaria Grev. isolated from tropical and temperate coasts of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. All s...
Temperature tolerance (1 week exposure time) was determined at intervals during two successive years in 54 dominant marine benthic algae growing near Helgoland (North Sea). Seawater temperatures near Helgoland...
The relationship between distributional boundaries and temperature responses of some Northeast American and West European endemic and amphiatlantic rhodophytes was experimentally determined under varying regim...
The northern boundary of the warm temperate region of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States is set at Cape Hatteras; the southern boundary lies at Cape Canaveral. There is some spillover of cool temperat...
The degree of similarity between red algal generic floras in each pair of 22 climatically defined biogeographic regions was established on a world-wide scale by Jaccard's similarity index and by an hierarchica...
In culture experimentsErythropeltis discigera (Berth.) Schmitz andErythrotrichia discigera Berth. proved to be heteromorphous stages in the life history of the same entity, incorporated into the new genusErythrot...
Haematocrit (erythrocyte/plasma ratio) values of the three commonHbI genotypes were recorded in two samples totalling 149 specimens of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) caught in the Trondheimsfjord, Norway, during ...
Natural Wadden Sea water taken from the North Sea (island of Sylt) was pumped at rates of 150 and 300 l h−1 through a 4 l plexiglass tube mounted on a wooden tripod on the beach. The tube was densely filled with ...
The fertilization of the heteronemerteanLineus viridis Müller takes place in a cocoon built up by the female surrounding itself and the male. After the male has left the cocoon, the female builds a mucous layer w...
Representatives of the family Myxococcaceae,Myxococcus fulvus andM. virescens as well asArchangium gephyra could be isolated from marine sediments (depth range 5–58 m), collected near the island of Helgoland (Nor...
A karyometric analysis of the chromosome set of the marine turbellariansMonocelis fusca, M. lineata andParotoplana macrostyla has been carried out. The karyotype of the twoMonocelis species investigated (2n=6) is...
Cornularia cornucopiae is a colonial coral whose polyps arise singly from stolons. In contrast with other octocralliaC. cornucopiae lacks calcareous spicules. Therefore, tissue preparation for electron microscop...
It has become almost a truism that success in intensive production of animals must be based in part on development of methods for disease diagnosis and control. Excellent progress has been made in methods of d...
Steelhead trout(Salmo gairdneri) embryos were used as a model to study some of the physiological and biochemical changes which occur following exposure to sublethal levels of benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P, a known environ...
The cost of conducting conventional chronic bioassays with every potentially toxic compound found in marine ecosystems is prohibitive; therefore short-term toxicity tests which can be used for rapid screening ...
Heterophyes heterophyes, agent of human heterophyiasis in the Near East, is transmitted in marine lagoons and saline inland waters, where the euryhaline intermediate hosts are abundant. In Egypt, mullets, the pr...
Hyperinfection by the gill-infesting monogeneanAllobivagina sp. (Microcotylea) caused mass mortalities in juveniles ofSiganus luridus cultured in seawater earthen ponds and holding tanks in Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba, ...
Cercariae of the trematodeCryptocotyle concavum, which encyst in skin and/or kidney of sticklebacks and gobies, were studied in the Schlei Fjord (western Baltic Sea). Mean incidence of dermal cysts was 48 % inGas...
This study was made to investigate changes in serum and muscle ion concentrations and related mortalities in maturingAnguilla rostrata migrating down the St. Lawrence Estuary. Mortalities take place in the freshw...
Macrophages with yellow or black deposits of melanin occur singly or in groups in the melano-macrophage centres are functionally the primitive analogues of lymph nodes in birds and mammals. From 1980 to 1982, ...
As part of a survey on population dynamics and ecology of fishesin the Elbe River, seasonal and regional fluctuations of external fish diseases were studied from the open North Sea to Hamburg in 1981–1982. Cli...
Infestation rates of flatfishLimanda limanda from the southern North Sea (German Bight) were investigated in 1981 and 1982. At three stations, including a dumping area of acid-iron wastes northwest of Helgoland, ...
Prior to the studies reviewed here, only lymphocystis and skeletal deformities of a variety of fish species and certain diseases of eel were known to occur in the German Bight (North Sea). From 1977 until now,...
Juvenile summer flounder (140–200 mm) inoculated withT. bullocki by leech vector or syringe in November 1980, and held in flowing seawater tanks all died within 11 weeks. Water temperature during the period of hi...
Rapidly growing, nonchromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from salmonid fish at five locations in the states of Oregon and Montana, USA. The isolates were characterized by biochemical, physiological, genetic ...
Two significant fish kills occurred in the Pamlico River estuary (North Carolina, USA), one in December 1981 and January 1982, and the other in June 1982. The first involved only the southern flounder(Paralichthy...
TwoVibrio species identified asV. damsela and a new sucrose-positiveVibrio sp.,V. carchariae sp. nov., were simultaneously isolated from a brown shark which died while being held in captivity at a large aquarium....
The association of DNA-containing viruses with diseases of marine and anadromous fish is reviewed. One section of the review describes those diseases with a proven viral etiology. Available information on the ...
In many shrimp farms in the Kyushu and Chugoku areas of Japan, the so-called mid-gut gland cloudy disease of kuruma shrimp larvae(Penaeus japonicus) has occurred since 1971. The pathological changes associated wi...
Mass mortalities ofStrongylocentrotus droebachiensis, attributed to disease, have occurred along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia from 1980 to 1982. An amoeboid protist has been tentatively identified as the pat...
Echinocardium cordatum frequently harbours in its coelomic cavity the protozoan parasiteLithocystis schneideri. Motile stages of this gregarine (trophozoites and gamonts) may be surrounded by echinoid coelomocyt...
Individuals of several species of European regular echinoids are affected by a spectacular disease that causes conspicuous lesions on the echinoid body surface. It is a communicable non-specific disease that p...
In arctic ecosystems parasitism seems less conspicuous than in more diverse tropical ecosystems. However, several host-parasite relations may be a burden in Arctic ecosystems and modify energy-flow patterns. F...
North Sea and Baltic Sea populations ofLittorina littorea differ with respect to their vertical distribution. In the North SeaL. littorea is strictly intertidal while in the Baltic Sea maximum population densitie...
Hemocytes represent one of the most important defense mechanisms against foreign material in Mollusca. The morphology, hematological parameters and behaviour of hemolymph cells were studied in the southern quahog
Haplosporidan parasites of oysters have been reported from four continents. Those of the generalMinchinia, Haplosporidium, andMarteilia, which cause serious diseases of oysters, have been intensively studied. Epi...
Two different, hitherto unknown, diseases occurred in two specimens ofSagitta crassa which were individually isolated and maintained in the laboratory. One specimen survived for 24 days, producing a total of 343 ...
A highly localized incidence of skeletal malformations (tumors) in the scleractinian coralsPlatygyra pini andP. sinensis on an inshore fringing reef at Cockle Bay, Magnetic Island within the Great Barrier Reef pr...
Six methods are described for detecting mortality due to parasitic infections in natural fish populations. They are: (a) through autopsies; (b) by determining the frequency of infections known to be eventually...
Latitudinal gradients in species numbers of marine parasites, differences between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans, latitudinal gradients in frequency and intensity of infection, in host range and specific...
Important ecological aspects of marine parasites are discussed. Whereas effects of parasites on host individuals sometimes leading to death are known from many groups of parasites, effects on host populations ...
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